copy the linklink copied! Annex B1. Results for countries and economies
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Table I.B1.1. Percentage of students at each proficiency level in reading
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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All students |
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|
Below Level 1c (less than 189.33 score points) |
Level 1c (from 189.33 to less than 262.04 score points) |
Level 1b (from 262.04 to less than 334.75 score points) |
Level 1a (from 334.75 to less than 407.47 score points) |
Level 2 (from 407.47 to less than 480.18 score points) |
Level 3 (from 480.18 to less than 552.89 score points) |
Level 4 (from 552.89 to less than 625.61 score points) |
Level 5 (from 625.61 to less than 698.32 score points) |
Level 6 (above 698.32 score points) |
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|
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
||
|
OECD |
Australia |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
1.4 |
(0.2) |
5.6 |
(0.3) |
12.5 |
(0.4) |
21.1 |
(0.5) |
25.4 |
(0.5) |
20.9 |
(0.5) |
10.3 |
(0.4) |
2.7 |
(0.2) |
|
Austria |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.9 |
(0.2) |
6.4 |
(0.6) |
16.3 |
(0.8) |
23.5 |
(0.8) |
26.2 |
(0.9) |
19.3 |
(0.8) |
6.7 |
(0.5) |
0.7 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Belgium |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
1.2 |
(0.2) |
6.0 |
(0.4) |
14.0 |
(0.6) |
22.4 |
(0.7) |
26.5 |
(0.7) |
20.4 |
(0.7) |
8.3 |
(0.5) |
1.3 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Canada |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.7 |
(0.1) |
3.1 |
(0.2) |
10.0 |
(0.4) |
20.1 |
(0.6) |
27.2 |
(0.5) |
24.0 |
(0.5) |
12.2 |
(0.5) |
2.8 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Chile |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
1.7 |
(0.2) |
8.9 |
(0.6) |
21.0 |
(0.9) |
29.5 |
(0.9) |
24.4 |
(0.9) |
11.8 |
(0.6) |
2.4 |
(0.3) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Colombia |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
3.6 |
(0.4) |
15.8 |
(0.9) |
30.3 |
(1.0) |
27.7 |
(1.0) |
15.8 |
(0.9) |
5.7 |
(0.5) |
0.9 |
(0.2) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
5.0 |
(0.5) |
15.0 |
(0.8) |
25.0 |
(0.9) |
26.9 |
(0.9) |
19.1 |
(0.8) |
7.2 |
(0.5) |
1.1 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Denmark |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.5 |
(0.1) |
3.5 |
(0.3) |
11.9 |
(0.5) |
23.9 |
(0.8) |
30.1 |
(0.9) |
21.6 |
(0.8) |
7.3 |
(0.5) |
1.1 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Estonia |
0.0 |
c |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
2.1 |
(0.2) |
8.7 |
(0.5) |
21.2 |
(0.9) |
29.9 |
(0.9) |
24.0 |
(0.8) |
11.1 |
(0.6) |
2.8 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Finland |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.8 |
(0.2) |
3.3 |
(0.4) |
9.4 |
(0.6) |
19.2 |
(0.7) |
27.6 |
(0.8) |
25.4 |
(0.8) |
11.9 |
(0.7) |
2.4 |
(0.3) |
|
|
France |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
1.1 |
(0.2) |
5.7 |
(0.4) |
14.0 |
(0.7) |
22.8 |
(0.8) |
26.6 |
(0.8) |
20.5 |
(0.7) |
8.1 |
(0.6) |
1.1 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Germany |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
1.3 |
(0.3) |
5.7 |
(0.5) |
13.6 |
(0.8) |
21.1 |
(0.8) |
25.4 |
(0.8) |
21.5 |
(0.9) |
9.5 |
(0.6) |
1.8 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Greece |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
2.1 |
(0.3) |
9.3 |
(0.7) |
19.0 |
(0.9) |
27.3 |
(0.8) |
25.2 |
(1.0) |
13.3 |
(0.8) |
3.3 |
(0.4) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Hungary |
0.0 |
(0.1) |
1.2 |
(0.2) |
7.0 |
(0.6) |
17.0 |
(0.8) |
25.2 |
(0.9) |
26.3 |
(0.9) |
17.5 |
(0.8) |
5.2 |
(0.5) |
0.5 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Iceland |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
2.3 |
(0.3) |
8.0 |
(0.7) |
15.9 |
(0.8) |
24.6 |
(0.9) |
25.1 |
(0.8) |
16.9 |
(0.7) |
6.2 |
(0.6) |
0.9 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Ireland |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
2.1 |
(0.3) |
9.5 |
(0.6) |
21.7 |
(0.8) |
30.3 |
(0.9) |
24.1 |
(0.8) |
10.3 |
(0.6) |
1.8 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Israel |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
5.0 |
(0.5) |
10.4 |
(0.7) |
15.0 |
(0.9) |
19.4 |
(0.7) |
21.6 |
(0.8) |
17.5 |
(0.8) |
8.4 |
(0.6) |
2.0 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Italy |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
1.7 |
(0.3) |
6.7 |
(0.6) |
14.8 |
(0.7) |
26.3 |
(0.9) |
28.2 |
(0.9) |
16.9 |
(0.7) |
4.9 |
(0.4) |
0.5 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Japan |
0.1 |
(0.0) |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
4.1 |
(0.4) |
12.0 |
(0.7) |
22.5 |
(0.9) |
28.6 |
(1.0) |
21.9 |
(0.8) |
8.6 |
(0.6) |
1.7 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Korea |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
1.1 |
(0.2) |
4.3 |
(0.4) |
9.6 |
(0.7) |
19.6 |
(0.7) |
27.6 |
(0.8) |
24.6 |
(0.8) |
10.8 |
(0.6) |
2.3 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Latvia |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.6 |
(0.1) |
5.2 |
(0.4) |
16.6 |
(0.6) |
27.4 |
(0.8) |
28.8 |
(0.8) |
16.6 |
(0.7) |
4.4 |
(0.4) |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Lithuania |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
1.0 |
(0.2) |
6.3 |
(0.4) |
17.0 |
(0.6) |
26.1 |
(0.8) |
27.7 |
(0.7) |
16.9 |
(0.6) |
4.5 |
(0.4) |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
2.4 |
(0.2) |
9.2 |
(0.4) |
17.6 |
(0.6) |
23.7 |
(0.7) |
23.5 |
(0.7) |
15.9 |
(0.6) |
6.4 |
(0.4) |
1.3 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Mexico |
0.0 |
(0.1) |
2.5 |
(0.4) |
13.1 |
(0.8) |
29.1 |
(1.1) |
31.7 |
(1.0) |
17.5 |
(0.9) |
5.3 |
(0.6) |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Netherlands* |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
1.3 |
(0.2) |
7.0 |
(0.6) |
15.6 |
(0.7) |
23.7 |
(0.8) |
24.3 |
(1.0) |
18.8 |
(0.8) |
7.9 |
(0.6) |
1.2 |
(0.2) |
|
|
New Zealand |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
1.0 |
(0.2) |
5.2 |
(0.5) |
12.7 |
(0.6) |
20.8 |
(0.7) |
24.6 |
(0.7) |
22.5 |
(0.7) |
10.7 |
(0.6) |
2.4 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Norway |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
1.7 |
(0.2) |
5.6 |
(0.4) |
11.9 |
(0.6) |
21.5 |
(0.7) |
26.4 |
(0.9) |
21.6 |
(0.8) |
9.6 |
(0.6) |
1.6 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Poland |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.5 |
(0.1) |
3.3 |
(0.3) |
10.8 |
(0.6) |
22.4 |
(0.8) |
27.7 |
(0.8) |
23.0 |
(0.8) |
10.1 |
(0.7) |
2.1 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Portugal* |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.9 |
(0.2) |
5.0 |
(0.5) |
14.3 |
(0.7) |
23.3 |
(0.7) |
28.2 |
(0.8) |
21.0 |
(0.9) |
6.5 |
(0.6) |
0.8 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
2.3 |
(0.3) |
9.2 |
(0.7) |
19.8 |
(0.8) |
26.9 |
(0.9) |
23.5 |
(0.9) |
13.6 |
(0.7) |
4.1 |
(0.4) |
0.5 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Slovenia |
0.0 |
(0.1) |
0.6 |
(0.2) |
4.3 |
(0.4) |
12.9 |
(0.5) |
24.5 |
(0.8) |
29.5 |
(0.9) |
20.3 |
(0.7) |
6.8 |
(0.5) |
1.0 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Spain |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
|
|
Sweden |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
1.5 |
(0.2) |
5.1 |
(0.5) |
11.6 |
(0.7) |
20.6 |
(0.8) |
25.5 |
(0.8) |
22.3 |
(0.8) |
10.9 |
(0.7) |
2.4 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Switzerland |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
1.3 |
(0.3) |
7.1 |
(0.6) |
15.1 |
(0.7) |
23.4 |
(0.9) |
26.3 |
(0.8) |
18.5 |
(0.8) |
6.9 |
(0.6) |
1.2 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Turkey |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
6.3 |
(0.6) |
19.1 |
(0.7) |
30.2 |
(0.9) |
26.9 |
(1.0) |
13.5 |
(0.6) |
3.1 |
(0.5) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.8 |
(0.2) |
4.2 |
(0.4) |
12.3 |
(0.7) |
23.0 |
(0.7) |
27.2 |
(0.7) |
21.0 |
(0.8) |
9.5 |
(0.6) |
2.0 |
(0.2) |
|
|
United States* |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
1.1 |
(0.2) |
5.4 |
(0.5) |
12.7 |
(0.8) |
21.1 |
(0.8) |
24.7 |
(0.8) |
21.4 |
(0.8) |
10.7 |
(0.7) |
2.8 |
(0.4) |
|
|
OECD average-36a |
0.1 |
(0.0) |
1.4 |
(0.0) |
6.2 |
(0.1) |
15.0 |
(0.1) |
23.7 |
(0.1) |
26.0 |
(0.1) |
18.9 |
(0.1) |
7.4 |
(0.1) |
1.3 |
(0.0) |
|
|
OECD total |
0.1 |
(0.0) |
1.3 |
(0.1) |
6.7 |
(0.2) |
15.9 |
(0.3) |
24.0 |
(0.3) |
24.8 |
(0.3) |
18.1 |
(0.3) |
7.6 |
(0.2) |
1.6 |
(0.1) |
|
|
All students |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Below Level 1c (less than 189.33 score points) |
Level 1c (from 189.33 to less than 262.04 score points) |
Level 1b (from 262.04 to less than 334.75 score points) |
Level 1a (from 334.75 to less than 407.47 score points) |
Level 2 (from 407.47 to less than 480.18 score points) |
Level 3 (from 480.18 to less than 552.89 score points) |
Level 4 (from 552.89 to less than 625.61 score points) |
Level 5 (from 625.61 to less than 698.32 score points) |
Level 6 (above 698.32 score points) |
|||||||||||
|
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
||
|
Partners |
Albania |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
2.9 |
(0.3) |
16.4 |
(0.7) |
32.8 |
(0.9) |
29.9 |
(0.8) |
14.0 |
(0.7) |
3.5 |
(0.4) |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
Argentina |
1.3 |
(0.2) |
6.7 |
(0.6) |
17.4 |
(0.7) |
26.7 |
(0.9) |
25.7 |
(0.8) |
16.2 |
(0.7) |
5.3 |
(0.5) |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
3.7 |
(0.4) |
19.6 |
(0.8) |
37.0 |
(1.1) |
28.6 |
(0.9) |
9.2 |
(0.6) |
1.6 |
(0.4) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Belarus |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.8 |
(0.2) |
5.8 |
(0.5) |
16.8 |
(0.8) |
28.7 |
(0.8) |
28.0 |
(1.0) |
16.0 |
(0.7) |
3.7 |
(0.4) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
2.8 |
(0.4) |
17.5 |
(1.0) |
33.2 |
(1.1) |
28.8 |
(1.1) |
14.3 |
(0.9) |
3.0 |
(0.4) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Brazil |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
5.3 |
(0.4) |
17.7 |
(0.6) |
26.7 |
(0.7) |
24.5 |
(0.6) |
16.3 |
(0.6) |
7.4 |
(0.5) |
1.7 |
(0.2) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
5.4 |
(0.3) |
19.1 |
(0.5) |
27.0 |
(0.7) |
24.5 |
(0.6) |
15.5 |
(0.5) |
6.9 |
(0.3) |
1.3 |
(0.2) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
4.3 |
(0.5) |
14.3 |
(0.8) |
27.9 |
(1.0) |
30.8 |
(1.0) |
17.5 |
(0.9) |
4.2 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
4.6 |
(0.6) |
17.1 |
(1.1) |
25.1 |
(0.9) |
24.9 |
(1.0) |
17.3 |
(0.9) |
8.4 |
(0.7) |
2.2 |
(0.3) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
0.1 |
(0.0) |
1.8 |
(0.3) |
11.3 |
(0.7) |
28.9 |
(1.1) |
32.1 |
(1.1) |
19.4 |
(1.1) |
5.9 |
(0.8) |
0.6 |
(0.2) |
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Croatia |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
5.0 |
(0.5) |
15.9 |
(0.8) |
28.3 |
(0.9) |
29.0 |
(1.0) |
16.4 |
(0.8) |
4.3 |
(0.4) |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Cyprus |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
4.3 |
(0.3) |
15.0 |
(0.6) |
24.1 |
(0.8) |
26.9 |
(0.7) |
19.3 |
(0.6) |
8.4 |
(0.4) |
1.7 |
(0.2) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
1.1 |
(0.3) |
15.9 |
(0.9) |
33.3 |
(1.1) |
28.8 |
(1.0) |
15.0 |
(0.9) |
4.9 |
(0.5) |
0.9 |
(0.2) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Georgia |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
7.0 |
(0.5) |
24.2 |
(0.9) |
32.8 |
(0.8) |
22.9 |
(0.8) |
10.1 |
(0.6) |
2.4 |
(0.3) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China)* |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
0.9 |
(0.2) |
3.5 |
(0.4) |
8.1 |
(0.6) |
17.8 |
(0.7) |
27.7 |
(0.7) |
27.1 |
(0.8) |
12.5 |
(0.6) |
2.3 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Indonesia |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
6.3 |
(0.6) |
26.7 |
(1.0) |
36.7 |
(1.1) |
21.8 |
(1.0) |
7.2 |
(0.8) |
1.1 |
(0.2) |
0.1 |
(0.0) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Jordan |
1.1 |
(0.2) |
4.0 |
(0.5) |
11.1 |
(0.7) |
25.0 |
(0.8) |
33.8 |
(1.0) |
20.5 |
(0.9) |
4.3 |
(0.5) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
0.1 |
(0.0) |
3.5 |
(0.3) |
22.2 |
(0.7) |
38.4 |
(0.7) |
23.9 |
(0.5) |
8.9 |
(0.3) |
2.6 |
(0.2) |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Kosovo |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
8.7 |
(0.6) |
31.7 |
(0.8) |
38.0 |
(1.0) |
17.5 |
(0.7) |
3.6 |
(0.3) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Lebanon |
6.3 |
(0.6) |
16.9 |
(1.0) |
23.0 |
(0.9) |
21.6 |
(0.8) |
17.4 |
(0.9) |
10.5 |
(0.7) |
3.7 |
(0.5) |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
2.2 |
(0.2) |
8.2 |
(0.6) |
19.4 |
(0.8) |
29.8 |
(0.8) |
26.1 |
(0.7) |
11.7 |
(0.6) |
2.1 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Malaysia |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
3.6 |
(0.4) |
14.2 |
(0.8) |
27.9 |
(0.9) |
31.4 |
(1.0) |
17.9 |
(0.9) |
4.3 |
(0.6) |
0.5 |
(0.2) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Malta |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
4.8 |
(0.4) |
11.9 |
(0.7) |
18.5 |
(0.9) |
23.7 |
(0.9) |
21.7 |
(0.9) |
13.4 |
(0.9) |
4.5 |
(0.5) |
0.9 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Moldova |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
3.9 |
(0.5) |
13.5 |
(0.7) |
25.2 |
(0.8) |
28.0 |
(0.9) |
20.8 |
(0.9) |
7.2 |
(0.6) |
1.0 |
(0.3) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Montenegro |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
2.8 |
(0.3) |
13.5 |
(0.5) |
28.0 |
(0.7) |
30.5 |
(0.6) |
18.3 |
(0.6) |
6.0 |
(0.4) |
0.8 |
(0.2) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Morocco |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
8.8 |
(0.7) |
30.8 |
(1.3) |
33.4 |
(0.9) |
20.6 |
(1.2) |
5.6 |
(0.5) |
0.5 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.0 |
c |
|
|
North Macedonia |
1.6 |
(0.2) |
7.3 |
(0.5) |
18.3 |
(0.8) |
27.9 |
(1.0) |
26.6 |
(0.8) |
14.4 |
(0.6) |
3.5 |
(0.3) |
0.3 |
(0.2) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Panama |
1.0 |
(0.2) |
8.4 |
(0.8) |
23.4 |
(0.9) |
31.5 |
(1.0) |
23.0 |
(0.8) |
9.9 |
(0.9) |
2.6 |
(0.4) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Peru |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
5.5 |
(0.5) |
19.6 |
(0.9) |
28.9 |
(0.9) |
25.8 |
(0.7) |
14.3 |
(0.7) |
4.8 |
(0.5) |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Philippines |
0.5 |
(0.1) |
15.1 |
(0.9) |
38.3 |
(1.1) |
26.7 |
(0.8) |
13.1 |
(0.7) |
5.1 |
(0.7) |
1.1 |
(0.3) |
0.1 |
(0.0) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Qatar |
1.2 |
(0.1) |
8.5 |
(0.3) |
17.6 |
(0.4) |
23.6 |
(0.5) |
23.4 |
(0.4) |
15.8 |
(0.4) |
7.3 |
(0.3) |
2.2 |
(0.2) |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Romania |
0.8 |
(0.3) |
4.3 |
(0.6) |
12.9 |
(1.0) |
22.8 |
(1.2) |
28.1 |
(1.1) |
20.9 |
(1.3) |
8.7 |
(1.0) |
1.3 |
(0.3) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Russia |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
1.0 |
(0.2) |
5.6 |
(0.6) |
15.5 |
(0.9) |
28.1 |
(0.8) |
28.0 |
(0.8) |
16.4 |
(0.7) |
4.8 |
(0.5) |
0.6 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
0.5 |
(0.2) |
5.3 |
(0.6) |
17.0 |
(0.9) |
29.4 |
(0.9) |
30.4 |
(1.1) |
14.6 |
(0.8) |
2.6 |
(0.3) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Serbia |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
2.7 |
(0.4) |
12.2 |
(0.8) |
22.7 |
(0.8) |
27.8 |
(0.8) |
21.8 |
(0.8) |
10.1 |
(0.7) |
2.4 |
(0.3) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Singapore |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.5 |
(0.1) |
3.0 |
(0.3) |
7.7 |
(0.4) |
14.2 |
(0.5) |
22.3 |
(0.7) |
26.4 |
(0.6) |
18.5 |
(0.7) |
7.3 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
1.2 |
(0.2) |
4.5 |
(0.4) |
12.0 |
(0.6) |
21.8 |
(0.7) |
27.4 |
(0.8) |
22.0 |
(0.9) |
9.3 |
(0.7) |
1.6 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Thailand |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
3.6 |
(0.5) |
20.6 |
(1.1) |
35.3 |
(1.1) |
26.0 |
(1.0) |
11.6 |
(0.9) |
2.7 |
(0.4) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Ukraine |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
1.8 |
(0.3) |
7.2 |
(0.7) |
16.7 |
(0.9) |
27.7 |
(0.8) |
28.5 |
(1.0) |
14.5 |
(0.8) |
3.2 |
(0.4) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
0.6 |
(0.1) |
5.8 |
(0.3) |
14.9 |
(0.5) |
21.6 |
(0.4) |
23.4 |
(0.5) |
18.1 |
(0.5) |
10.8 |
(0.6) |
4.1 |
(0.3) |
0.7 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Uruguay |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
4.0 |
(0.4) |
13.6 |
(0.8) |
24.0 |
(0.9) |
28.1 |
(1.1) |
20.1 |
(0.8) |
8.3 |
(0.7) |
1.5 |
(0.2) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Viet Nam** |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
1.1 |
(0.3) |
8.3 |
(0.9) |
26.9 |
(1.3) |
38.1 |
(1.2) |
20.5 |
(1.3) |
4.6 |
(0.7) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
← * Data did not meet the PISA technical standards but were accepted as largely comparable (see Annexes A2 and A4). |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
← ** The data for Viet Nam have not yet been fully validated. Due to a lack of consistency in the response pattern of some performance data, the OECD cannot yet assure full international comparability of the results (see Annexes A2 and A4). |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Table I.B1.2. Percentage of students at each proficiency level in mathematics
|
|||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
All students |
|||||||||||||||
|
Below Level 1 (below 357.77 score points) |
Level 1 (from 357.77 to less than 420.07 score points) |
Level 2 (from 420.07 to less than 482.38 score points) |
Level 3 (from 482.38 to less than 544.68 score points) |
Level 4 (from 544.68 to less than 606.99 score points) |
Level 5 (from 606.99 to less than 669.30 score points) |
Level 6 (above 669.30 score points) |
|||||||||
|
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
||
|
OECD |
Australia |
7.6 |
(0.5) |
14.8 |
(0.5) |
23.4 |
(0.5) |
25.6 |
(0.5) |
18.2 |
(0.5) |
8.0 |
(0.4) |
2.5 |
(0.3) |
|
Austria |
7.3 |
(0.7) |
13.8 |
(0.8) |
20.8 |
(1.0) |
24.9 |
(0.9) |
20.6 |
(0.8) |
10.0 |
(0.7) |
2.5 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Belgium |
6.9 |
(0.7) |
12.8 |
(0.6) |
18.6 |
(0.7) |
23.8 |
(0.8) |
22.2 |
(0.7) |
12.5 |
(0.6) |
3.2 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Canada |
5.0 |
(0.4) |
11.3 |
(0.5) |
20.8 |
(0.6) |
25.9 |
(0.6) |
21.7 |
(0.7) |
11.3 |
(0.5) |
4.0 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Chile |
24.7 |
(1.1) |
27.2 |
(0.9) |
25.5 |
(0.9) |
15.6 |
(0.8) |
5.7 |
(0.5) |
1.1 |
(0.2) |
0.1 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Colombia |
35.5 |
(1.7) |
29.9 |
(1.2) |
21.1 |
(0.9) |
10.0 |
(0.7) |
3.1 |
(0.4) |
0.5 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
6.6 |
(0.7) |
13.8 |
(0.7) |
22.1 |
(0.8) |
25.2 |
(0.9) |
19.6 |
(0.7) |
9.5 |
(0.5) |
3.1 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Denmark |
3.7 |
(0.4) |
10.9 |
(0.6) |
22.0 |
(0.9) |
28.8 |
(0.8) |
23.0 |
(0.8) |
9.5 |
(0.6) |
2.1 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Estonia |
2.1 |
(0.3) |
8.1 |
(0.6) |
20.8 |
(0.8) |
29.0 |
(0.8) |
24.6 |
(0.8) |
11.8 |
(0.7) |
3.7 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Finland |
3.8 |
(0.4) |
11.1 |
(0.6) |
22.3 |
(0.9) |
28.9 |
(1.0) |
22.7 |
(0.8) |
9.3 |
(0.5) |
1.8 |
(0.3) |
|
|
France |
8.0 |
(0.5) |
13.2 |
(0.6) |
21.1 |
(0.8) |
25.6 |
(0.8) |
21.0 |
(0.8) |
9.2 |
(0.6) |
1.8 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Germany |
7.6 |
(0.7) |
13.5 |
(0.8) |
20.7 |
(0.9) |
24.0 |
(0.8) |
20.8 |
(0.8) |
10.5 |
(0.7) |
2.8 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Greece |
15.3 |
(1.1) |
20.5 |
(0.9) |
26.8 |
(0.9) |
22.5 |
(1.0) |
11.1 |
(0.6) |
3.2 |
(0.4) |
0.5 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Hungary |
9.6 |
(0.7) |
16.1 |
(0.8) |
23.6 |
(0.9) |
25.2 |
(1.0) |
17.5 |
(0.8) |
6.5 |
(0.5) |
1.4 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Iceland |
7.4 |
(0.5) |
13.3 |
(0.7) |
22.0 |
(1.0) |
26.7 |
(1.0) |
20.2 |
(0.9) |
8.5 |
(0.6) |
1.9 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Ireland |
3.8 |
(0.5) |
11.9 |
(0.7) |
24.7 |
(0.8) |
30.5 |
(0.8) |
20.8 |
(0.8) |
7.2 |
(0.6) |
1.0 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Israel |
17.7 |
(1.1) |
16.4 |
(0.8) |
20.7 |
(0.7) |
21.0 |
(0.8) |
15.4 |
(0.8) |
7.0 |
(0.6) |
1.8 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Italy |
9.1 |
(0.8) |
14.8 |
(0.9) |
22.9 |
(1.0) |
25.6 |
(0.9) |
18.1 |
(0.8) |
7.5 |
(0.6) |
2.0 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Japan |
2.9 |
(0.4) |
8.6 |
(0.6) |
18.7 |
(0.8) |
26.4 |
(0.9) |
25.1 |
(1.0) |
14.0 |
(0.8) |
4.3 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Korea |
5.4 |
(0.5) |
9.6 |
(0.6) |
17.3 |
(0.8) |
23.4 |
(0.7) |
22.9 |
(0.8) |
14.4 |
(0.7) |
6.9 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Latvia |
4.4 |
(0.5) |
12.9 |
(0.8) |
25.8 |
(0.9) |
29.4 |
(1.0) |
19.0 |
(0.8) |
7.1 |
(0.5) |
1.4 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Lithuania |
9.3 |
(0.6) |
16.4 |
(0.7) |
24.2 |
(0.7) |
25.2 |
(0.9) |
16.5 |
(0.8) |
6.8 |
(0.5) |
1.7 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
10.9 |
(0.6) |
16.4 |
(0.6) |
21.7 |
(0.8) |
22.6 |
(0.7) |
17.7 |
(0.7) |
8.6 |
(0.5) |
2.3 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Mexico |
26.0 |
(1.2) |
30.3 |
(0.9) |
26.4 |
(0.9) |
13.1 |
(0.8) |
3.7 |
(0.5) |
0.5 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Netherlands* |
4.5 |
(0.6) |
11.2 |
(0.7) |
19.0 |
(1.0) |
23.2 |
(1.1) |
23.6 |
(0.9) |
14.2 |
(0.8) |
4.3 |
(0.5) |
|
|
New Zealand |
7.6 |
(0.5) |
14.2 |
(0.6) |
22.8 |
(0.8) |
25.0 |
(0.7) |
18.9 |
(0.7) |
8.8 |
(0.4) |
2.7 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Norway |
6.5 |
(0.5) |
12.4 |
(0.6) |
21.8 |
(0.8) |
26.5 |
(0.8) |
20.6 |
(0.9) |
9.8 |
(0.6) |
2.4 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Poland |
4.2 |
(0.5) |
10.5 |
(0.6) |
20.7 |
(0.8) |
26.5 |
(0.8) |
22.3 |
(0.7) |
11.7 |
(0.7) |
4.1 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Portugal* |
9.3 |
(0.6) |
14.0 |
(0.8) |
20.9 |
(0.8) |
24.5 |
(1.1) |
19.7 |
(0.8) |
9.1 |
(0.6) |
2.5 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
10.7 |
(0.9) |
14.4 |
(0.6) |
21.4 |
(0.9) |
24.2 |
(0.9) |
18.6 |
(0.9) |
8.4 |
(0.6) |
2.3 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Slovenia |
4.8 |
(0.6) |
11.7 |
(0.7) |
21.6 |
(0.9) |
26.4 |
(0.9) |
22.0 |
(0.8) |
10.5 |
(0.8) |
3.1 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Spain |
8.7 |
(0.4) |
16.0 |
(0.5) |
24.4 |
(0.4) |
26.0 |
(0.6) |
17.5 |
(0.5) |
6.2 |
(0.3) |
1.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Sweden |
6.0 |
(0.6) |
12.8 |
(0.8) |
21.9 |
(0.9) |
25.7 |
(0.8) |
21.0 |
(0.8) |
10.0 |
(0.7) |
2.6 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Switzerland |
4.8 |
(0.4) |
12.0 |
(0.8) |
19.5 |
(0.9) |
24.4 |
(1.0) |
22.3 |
(0.9) |
12.1 |
(0.7) |
4.9 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Turkey |
13.8 |
(0.9) |
22.9 |
(0.8) |
27.3 |
(0.8) |
20.4 |
(0.8) |
10.9 |
(0.5) |
3.9 |
(0.4) |
0.9 |
(0.3) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
6.4 |
(0.5) |
12.8 |
(0.6) |
22.0 |
(0.8) |
25.5 |
(0.7) |
20.4 |
(0.7) |
9.8 |
(0.6) |
3.1 |
(0.4) |
|
|
United States* |
10.2 |
(0.8) |
16.9 |
(0.9) |
24.2 |
(1.0) |
24.1 |
(1.0) |
16.3 |
(0.9) |
6.8 |
(0.7) |
1.5 |
(0.3) |
|
|
OECD average |
9.1 |
(0.1) |
14.8 |
(0.1) |
22.2 |
(0.1) |
24.4 |
(0.1) |
18.5 |
(0.1) |
8.5 |
(0.1) |
2.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
OECD total |
11.5 |
(0.3) |
17.2 |
(0.3) |
22.9 |
(0.3) |
22.6 |
(0.3) |
16.3 |
(0.3) |
7.4 |
(0.2) |
2.0 |
(0.1) |
|
|
All students |
|||||||||||||||
|
Below Level 1 (below 357.77 score points) |
Level 1 (from 357.77 to less than 420.07 score points) |
Level 2 (from 420.07 to less than 482.38 score points) |
Level 3 (from 482.38 to less than 544.68 score points) |
Level 4 (from 544.68 to less than 606.99 score points) |
Level 5 (from 606.99 to less than 669.30 score points) |
Level 6 (above 669.30 score points) |
|||||||||
|
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
||
|
Partners |
Albania |
16.9 |
(0.9) |
25.5 |
(0.9) |
28.6 |
(1.0) |
19.3 |
(0.8) |
7.5 |
(0.7) |
2.0 |
(0.2) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
Argentina |
40.5 |
(1.6) |
28.5 |
(1.0) |
19.6 |
(0.9) |
8.8 |
(0.7) |
2.3 |
(0.3) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
24.7 |
(1.0) |
26.1 |
(0.8) |
25.2 |
(0.9) |
15.7 |
(0.7) |
6.4 |
(0.6) |
1.7 |
(0.3) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Belarus |
11.4 |
(0.7) |
18.0 |
(0.7) |
24.7 |
(0.9) |
23.4 |
(0.7) |
15.2 |
(0.7) |
6.1 |
(0.5) |
1.2 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
28.7 |
(1.3) |
28.9 |
(1.0) |
24.2 |
(0.9) |
13.1 |
(0.8) |
4.3 |
(0.5) |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
0.1 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Brazil |
41.0 |
(1.0) |
27.1 |
(0.7) |
18.2 |
(0.7) |
9.3 |
(0.5) |
3.4 |
(0.3) |
0.8 |
(0.2) |
0.1 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
22.1 |
(0.8) |
25.7 |
(0.8) |
24.0 |
(0.6) |
16.2 |
(0.5) |
8.9 |
(0.5) |
2.7 |
(0.3) |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
0.5 |
(0.1) |
1.9 |
(0.3) |
6.9 |
(0.5) |
17.5 |
(0.8) |
28.9 |
(1.0) |
27.8 |
(1.0) |
16.5 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
21.9 |
(1.4) |
22.5 |
(0.8) |
23.7 |
(1.0) |
18.2 |
(1.0) |
9.4 |
(0.7) |
3.3 |
(0.5) |
0.9 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
27.8 |
(1.3) |
32.2 |
(1.2) |
25.6 |
(1.2) |
11.2 |
(1.0) |
2.8 |
(0.5) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Croatia |
11.0 |
(0.8) |
20.2 |
(0.8) |
27.4 |
(0.9) |
23.3 |
(0.8) |
13.0 |
(0.8) |
4.3 |
(0.5) |
0.8 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Cyprus |
17.2 |
(0.6) |
19.7 |
(0.7) |
24.7 |
(0.9) |
22.0 |
(0.8) |
12.1 |
(0.5) |
3.7 |
(0.4) |
0.7 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
69.3 |
(1.4) |
21.3 |
(1.0) |
7.3 |
(0.6) |
1.8 |
(0.4) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Georgia |
33.7 |
(1.2) |
27.3 |
(1.1) |
21.6 |
(0.8) |
11.9 |
(0.8) |
4.4 |
(0.5) |
0.9 |
(0.3) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China)* |
2.8 |
(0.4) |
6.4 |
(0.6) |
13.5 |
(0.7) |
22.1 |
(0.7) |
26.3 |
(0.9) |
19.5 |
(0.8) |
9.5 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Indonesia |
40.6 |
(1.6) |
31.3 |
(1.2) |
18.6 |
(1.0) |
6.8 |
(0.7) |
2.3 |
(0.5) |
0.4 |
(0.2) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Jordan |
30.7 |
(1.4) |
28.6 |
(0.8) |
24.0 |
(0.9) |
12.4 |
(0.8) |
3.6 |
(0.5) |
0.6 |
(0.2) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
22.3 |
(0.8) |
26.8 |
(0.6) |
26.6 |
(0.6) |
16.0 |
(0.6) |
6.3 |
(0.4) |
1.6 |
(0.2) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Kosovo |
47.0 |
(1.0) |
29.6 |
(1.1) |
16.5 |
(0.8) |
5.4 |
(0.4) |
1.4 |
(0.2) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Lebanon |
38.0 |
(1.7) |
21.8 |
(1.0) |
19.1 |
(1.1) |
13.1 |
(0.9) |
6.0 |
(0.5) |
1.7 |
(0.3) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
1.0 |
(0.2) |
4.0 |
(0.4) |
12.3 |
(0.8) |
24.8 |
(0.9) |
30.3 |
(1.2) |
20.0 |
(0.8) |
7.7 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Malaysia |
16.1 |
(0.9) |
25.4 |
(1.0) |
28.3 |
(0.9) |
19.3 |
(0.9) |
8.5 |
(0.7) |
2.2 |
(0.4) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Malta |
14.3 |
(0.7) |
15.9 |
(0.8) |
21.5 |
(1.0) |
23.2 |
(1.1) |
16.6 |
(0.7) |
6.7 |
(0.6) |
1.8 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Moldova |
26.1 |
(0.9) |
24.2 |
(0.9) |
23.5 |
(0.9) |
16.5 |
(0.7) |
7.3 |
(0.6) |
2.0 |
(0.3) |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Montenegro |
19.9 |
(0.7) |
26.3 |
(0.7) |
27.3 |
(0.7) |
17.9 |
(0.5) |
6.9 |
(0.4) |
1.6 |
(0.2) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Morocco |
47.1 |
(1.9) |
28.5 |
(1.0) |
16.9 |
(1.0) |
6.2 |
(0.6) |
1.2 |
(0.2) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
35.2 |
(0.8) |
25.8 |
(0.8) |
21.3 |
(0.7) |
12.1 |
(0.7) |
4.5 |
(0.4) |
1.0 |
(0.2) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Panama |
53.7 |
(1.4) |
27.5 |
(1.0) |
13.5 |
(0.8) |
4.3 |
(0.6) |
0.9 |
(0.2) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Peru |
32.0 |
(1.2) |
28.3 |
(0.8) |
23.1 |
(0.9) |
11.6 |
(0.7) |
4.1 |
(0.5) |
0.8 |
(0.2) |
0.1 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Philippines |
54.4 |
(1.7) |
26.3 |
(0.9) |
13.6 |
(1.0) |
4.7 |
(0.7) |
0.9 |
(0.3) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Qatar |
29.7 |
(0.7) |
24.0 |
(0.5) |
21.9 |
(0.5) |
14.6 |
(0.4) |
6.9 |
(0.3) |
2.4 |
(0.2) |
0.6 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Romania |
22.6 |
(1.6) |
23.9 |
(1.2) |
24.5 |
(1.1) |
17.3 |
(1.1) |
8.5 |
(1.0) |
2.7 |
(0.5) |
0.4 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Russia |
6.8 |
(0.7) |
14.9 |
(0.8) |
25.0 |
(0.9) |
27.5 |
(0.9) |
17.8 |
(0.8) |
6.6 |
(0.6) |
1.5 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
42.8 |
(1.6) |
29.9 |
(1.0) |
18.8 |
(1.1) |
6.8 |
(0.6) |
1.5 |
(0.3) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Serbia |
18.1 |
(1.1) |
21.6 |
(0.8) |
24.1 |
(0.8) |
19.2 |
(0.8) |
11.7 |
(0.7) |
4.2 |
(0.4) |
1.0 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Singapore |
1.8 |
(0.2) |
5.3 |
(0.4) |
11.1 |
(0.5) |
19.1 |
(0.7) |
25.8 |
(0.8) |
23.2 |
(0.7) |
13.8 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
5.0 |
(0.4) |
9.0 |
(0.5) |
16.1 |
(0.7) |
23.2 |
(0.8) |
23.5 |
(0.8) |
15.6 |
(0.8) |
7.6 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Thailand |
25.0 |
(1.3) |
27.7 |
(1.0) |
24.6 |
(1.0) |
14.3 |
(0.8) |
6.1 |
(0.7) |
1.9 |
(0.3) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Ukraine |
15.6 |
(1.2) |
20.3 |
(1.0) |
26.2 |
(1.0) |
21.5 |
(1.0) |
11.5 |
(0.8) |
4.0 |
(0.5) |
1.0 |
(0.3) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
24.2 |
(0.9) |
21.3 |
(0.6) |
21.5 |
(0.5) |
17.2 |
(0.6) |
10.4 |
(0.5) |
4.2 |
(0.3) |
1.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Uruguay |
24.6 |
(1.1) |
26.1 |
(1.3) |
26.5 |
(1.0) |
15.8 |
(1.0) |
6.0 |
(0.6) |
1.0 |
(0.2) |
0.1 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Viet Nam** |
3.1 |
(0.6) |
12.6 |
(1.2) |
27.3 |
(1.3) |
31.4 |
(1.1) |
18.8 |
(1.2) |
5.7 |
(0.7) |
1.1 |
(0.3) |
|
|
← * Data did not meet the PISA technical standards but were accepted as largely comparable (see Annexes A2 and A4). |
|||||||||||||||
|
← ** The data for Viet Nam have not yet been fully validated. Due to a lack of consistency in the response pattern of some performance data, the OECD cannot yet assure full international comparability of the results (see Annexes A2 and A4). |
|||||||||||||||
|
Table I.B1.3. Percentage of students at each proficiency level in science
|
|||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
All students |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Below Level 1b (below 260.54 score points) |
Level 1b (from 260.54 to less than 334.94 score points) |
Level 1a (from 334.94 to less than 409.54 score points) |
Level 2 (from 409.54 to less than 484.14 score points) |
Level 3 (from 484.14 to less than 558.73 score points) |
Level 4 (from 558.73 to less than 633.33 score points) |
Level 5 (from 633.33 to less than 707.93 score points) |
Level 6 (above 707.93 score points) |
||||||||||
|
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
||
|
OECD |
Australia |
0.6 |
(0.1) |
4.5 |
(0.3) |
13.7 |
(0.5) |
23.0 |
(0.6) |
27.5 |
(0.6) |
21.2 |
(0.6) |
7.9 |
(0.4) |
1.6 |
(0.2) |
|
Austria |
0.6 |
(0.2) |
4.8 |
(0.5) |
16.5 |
(0.9) |
25.0 |
(0.8) |
27.6 |
(0.8) |
19.2 |
(0.8) |
5.8 |
(0.6) |
0.5 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Belgium |
0.6 |
(0.1) |
5.3 |
(0.5) |
14.2 |
(0.6) |
22.2 |
(0.7) |
28.4 |
(0.8) |
21.3 |
(0.7) |
7.3 |
(0.4) |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Canada |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
2.6 |
(0.2) |
10.5 |
(0.4) |
22.4 |
(0.6) |
29.3 |
(0.6) |
23.5 |
(0.7) |
9.5 |
(0.5) |
1.8 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Chile |
1.0 |
(0.2) |
8.8 |
(0.7) |
25.5 |
(1.0) |
33.1 |
(1.0) |
22.6 |
(1.0) |
7.9 |
(0.6) |
1.0 |
(0.2) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Colombia |
2.1 |
(0.3) |
15.3 |
(1.1) |
33.0 |
(1.1) |
29.6 |
(1.2) |
15.4 |
(0.8) |
4.2 |
(0.4) |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
3.9 |
(0.4) |
14.5 |
(0.8) |
25.9 |
(1.0) |
28.7 |
(1.0) |
19.1 |
(0.8) |
6.6 |
(0.5) |
1.0 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Denmark |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
4.1 |
(0.3) |
13.9 |
(0.6) |
26.6 |
(0.7) |
30.1 |
(0.9) |
19.1 |
(0.8) |
5.0 |
(0.5) |
0.5 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Estonia |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
1.1 |
(0.2) |
7.5 |
(0.5) |
21.5 |
(0.7) |
32.1 |
(0.9) |
25.4 |
(0.8) |
10.2 |
(0.5) |
2.0 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Finland |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
2.8 |
(0.3) |
9.7 |
(0.6) |
21.1 |
(0.7) |
28.9 |
(0.8) |
24.9 |
(0.8) |
10.5 |
(0.6) |
1.8 |
(0.3) |
|
|
France |
0.6 |
(0.2) |
5.0 |
(0.4) |
14.9 |
(0.8) |
24.6 |
(0.9) |
28.3 |
(0.7) |
20.0 |
(0.9) |
5.9 |
(0.5) |
0.6 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Germany |
0.8 |
(0.2) |
5.0 |
(0.5) |
13.8 |
(0.7) |
22.0 |
(0.9) |
26.9 |
(0.9) |
21.5 |
(1.0) |
8.5 |
(0.6) |
1.5 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Greece |
1.2 |
(0.3) |
8.1 |
(0.8) |
22.4 |
(1.0) |
31.6 |
(0.9) |
26.0 |
(1.0) |
9.3 |
(0.6) |
1.3 |
(0.2) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Hungary |
0.6 |
(0.2) |
5.7 |
(0.6) |
17.8 |
(0.9) |
26.1 |
(1.0) |
28.1 |
(0.9) |
17.0 |
(0.7) |
4.3 |
(0.5) |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Iceland |
0.5 |
(0.2) |
5.9 |
(0.5) |
18.6 |
(0.8) |
28.3 |
(0.9) |
27.7 |
(1.0) |
15.2 |
(0.8) |
3.6 |
(0.4) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Ireland |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
3.3 |
(0.3) |
13.4 |
(0.7) |
26.9 |
(0.9) |
31.3 |
(0.9) |
19.0 |
(0.7) |
5.4 |
(0.5) |
0.5 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Israel |
3.2 |
(0.4) |
10.7 |
(0.7) |
19.2 |
(0.9) |
23.1 |
(0.9) |
22.9 |
(0.8) |
15.1 |
(0.8) |
5.2 |
(0.4) |
0.7 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Italy |
1.1 |
(0.2) |
6.6 |
(0.5) |
18.2 |
(0.9) |
30.2 |
(1.0) |
27.8 |
(1.1) |
13.4 |
(0.7) |
2.6 |
(0.4) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Japan |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
1.8 |
(0.3) |
8.9 |
(0.6) |
19.9 |
(0.8) |
29.7 |
(1.1) |
26.5 |
(0.9) |
11.4 |
(0.7) |
1.6 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Korea |
0.5 |
(0.1) |
3.1 |
(0.3) |
10.6 |
(0.7) |
21.0 |
(0.8) |
28.6 |
(0.9) |
24.5 |
(0.9) |
10.0 |
(0.6) |
1.8 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Latvia |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
3.4 |
(0.4) |
14.8 |
(0.7) |
29.5 |
(0.8) |
31.5 |
(1.1) |
16.8 |
(0.8) |
3.5 |
(0.4) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Lithuania |
0.5 |
(0.2) |
4.7 |
(0.4) |
17.0 |
(0.8) |
28.4 |
(0.8) |
28.7 |
(0.8) |
16.3 |
(0.6) |
4.0 |
(0.3) |
0.5 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
0.8 |
(0.2) |
6.8 |
(0.4) |
19.2 |
(0.6) |
25.7 |
(0.8) |
25.6 |
(0.8) |
16.6 |
(0.6) |
4.9 |
(0.5) |
0.5 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Mexico |
1.0 |
(0.3) |
11.6 |
(1.0) |
34.2 |
(1.3) |
33.9 |
(0.9) |
15.5 |
(0.9) |
3.5 |
(0.5) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Netherlands* |
0.9 |
(0.2) |
4.8 |
(0.5) |
14.4 |
(0.8) |
22.4 |
(0.8) |
24.9 |
(1.1) |
22.1 |
(1.0) |
9.1 |
(0.7) |
1.5 |
(0.3) |
|
|
New Zealand |
0.6 |
(0.2) |
4.3 |
(0.4) |
13.1 |
(0.6) |
22.0 |
(0.6) |
26.8 |
(0.7) |
21.8 |
(0.7) |
9.5 |
(0.6) |
1.8 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Norway |
1.1 |
(0.2) |
5.7 |
(0.4) |
14.1 |
(0.8) |
25.0 |
(0.9) |
28.6 |
(0.7) |
18.7 |
(0.7) |
6.1 |
(0.5) |
0.7 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Poland |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
2.5 |
(0.3) |
11.1 |
(0.7) |
24.9 |
(0.8) |
30.0 |
(1.0) |
22.0 |
(0.8) |
8.1 |
(0.7) |
1.2 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Portugal* |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
4.4 |
(0.6) |
14.7 |
(0.9) |
26.2 |
(0.9) |
29.4 |
(1.0) |
19.2 |
(0.9) |
5.1 |
(0.5) |
0.5 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
1.4 |
(0.2) |
7.9 |
(0.6) |
19.9 |
(0.7) |
28.5 |
(0.9) |
25.3 |
(0.8) |
13.2 |
(0.6) |
3.4 |
(0.3) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Slovenia |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
2.5 |
(0.3) |
11.9 |
(0.6) |
24.6 |
(0.8) |
31.8 |
(1.0) |
21.8 |
(0.9) |
6.7 |
(0.5) |
0.6 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Spain |
0.6 |
(0.1) |
4.5 |
(0.3) |
16.2 |
(0.5) |
28.4 |
(0.5) |
29.4 |
(0.5) |
16.8 |
(0.4) |
3.9 |
(0.2) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Sweden |
0.6 |
(0.2) |
4.6 |
(0.5) |
13.8 |
(0.7) |
24.0 |
(0.7) |
28.0 |
(0.8) |
20.7 |
(0.9) |
7.3 |
(0.5) |
1.0 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Switzerland |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
4.6 |
(0.5) |
15.2 |
(0.8) |
24.9 |
(0.9) |
27.8 |
(0.9) |
19.3 |
(1.0) |
6.9 |
(0.7) |
0.9 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Turkey |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
4.7 |
(0.4) |
20.1 |
(0.8) |
32.8 |
(1.0) |
27.3 |
(1.0) |
12.3 |
(0.7) |
2.3 |
(0.4) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
0.6 |
(0.2) |
3.9 |
(0.4) |
12.9 |
(0.6) |
24.0 |
(0.8) |
28.1 |
(0.8) |
20.8 |
(0.7) |
8.2 |
(0.6) |
1.5 |
(0.2) |
|
|
United States* |
0.5 |
(0.2) |
4.4 |
(0.5) |
13.7 |
(0.8) |
23.6 |
(0.9) |
27.5 |
(0.9) |
21.1 |
(0.9) |
7.9 |
(0.7) |
1.3 |
(0.2) |
|
|
OECD average |
0.7 |
(0.0) |
5.2 |
(0.1) |
16.0 |
(0.1) |
25.8 |
(0.1) |
27.4 |
(0.1) |
18.1 |
(0.1) |
5.9 |
(0.1) |
0.8 |
(0.0) |
|
|
OECD total |
0.7 |
(0.1) |
5.6 |
(0.2) |
17.2 |
(0.3) |
25.9 |
(0.3) |
26.0 |
(0.3) |
17.6 |
(0.3) |
6.1 |
(0.2) |
0.9 |
(0.1) |
|
|
All students |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Below Level 1b (below 260.54 score points) |
Level 1b (from 260.54 to less than 334.94 score points) |
Level 1a (from 334.94 to less than 409.54 score points) |
Level 2 (from 409.54 to less than 484.14 score points) |
Level 3 (from 484.14 to less than 558.73 score points) |
Level 4 (from 558.73 to less than 633.33 score points) |
Level 5 (from 633.33 to less than 707.93 score points) |
Level 6 (above 707.93 score points) |
||||||||||
|
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
||
|
Partners |
Albania |
1.5 |
(0.2) |
11.7 |
(0.7) |
33.7 |
(1.0) |
34.8 |
(1.1) |
15.1 |
(0.7) |
2.9 |
(0.3) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
Argentina |
4.9 |
(0.6) |
18.2 |
(1.0) |
30.4 |
(1.1) |
27.0 |
(0.9) |
15.0 |
(0.8) |
4.1 |
(0.4) |
0.5 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
2.5 |
(0.3) |
17.3 |
(1.0) |
38.0 |
(1.0) |
29.9 |
(0.9) |
10.3 |
(0.7) |
1.8 |
(0.4) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Belarus |
0.5 |
(0.2) |
5.0 |
(0.5) |
18.7 |
(0.9) |
31.3 |
(0.9) |
28.8 |
(0.8) |
13.1 |
(0.8) |
2.5 |
(0.4) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
2.9 |
(0.4) |
18.2 |
(0.9) |
35.6 |
(1.0) |
29.4 |
(1.2) |
11.7 |
(0.9) |
1.9 |
(0.3) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Brazil |
4.0 |
(0.4) |
19.9 |
(0.7) |
31.4 |
(0.8) |
25.3 |
(0.7) |
13.9 |
(0.7) |
4.6 |
(0.4) |
0.8 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
1.9 |
(0.3) |
14.2 |
(0.6) |
29.7 |
(0.8) |
25.5 |
(0.5) |
17.4 |
(0.5) |
9.0 |
(0.4) |
2.1 |
(0.3) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
1.8 |
(0.3) |
8.4 |
(0.6) |
23.4 |
(0.9) |
34.6 |
(1.0) |
24.3 |
(1.1) |
7.2 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
3.0 |
(0.5) |
15.3 |
(1.0) |
28.3 |
(0.9) |
26.7 |
(1.1) |
17.9 |
(0.9) |
7.4 |
(0.6) |
1.4 |
(0.3) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
1.3 |
(0.3) |
12.0 |
(0.8) |
34.5 |
(1.2) |
34.4 |
(1.2) |
14.9 |
(1.2) |
2.8 |
(0.6) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Croatia |
0.6 |
(0.2) |
5.6 |
(0.5) |
19.1 |
(0.9) |
30.0 |
(0.8) |
26.9 |
(0.9) |
14.2 |
(0.7) |
3.3 |
(0.4) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Cyprus |
2.0 |
(0.3) |
11.9 |
(0.6) |
25.0 |
(0.8) |
28.9 |
(1.0) |
21.4 |
(0.7) |
9.1 |
(0.4) |
1.5 |
(0.2) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
13.6 |
(1.0) |
39.6 |
(1.3) |
31.6 |
(1.3) |
12.3 |
(0.9) |
2.6 |
(0.4) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Georgia |
5.8 |
(0.5) |
22.9 |
(0.9) |
35.7 |
(0.9) |
24.3 |
(0.9) |
9.5 |
(0.6) |
1.7 |
(0.3) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Hong Kong (China)* |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
2.4 |
(0.3) |
8.9 |
(0.6) |
21.7 |
(0.8) |
33.8 |
(0.9) |
25.0 |
(0.9) |
7.1 |
(0.6) |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Indonesia |
1.8 |
(0.3) |
16.8 |
(1.0) |
41.4 |
(1.1) |
29.2 |
(1.2) |
9.2 |
(0.8) |
1.6 |
(0.3) |
0.1 |
(0.0) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Jordan |
3.2 |
(0.4) |
11.0 |
(0.8) |
26.2 |
(0.9) |
32.4 |
(1.0) |
20.7 |
(0.9) |
6.0 |
(0.5) |
0.6 |
(0.2) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
2.2 |
(0.3) |
17.8 |
(0.7) |
40.3 |
(0.8) |
26.9 |
(0.8) |
9.9 |
(0.5) |
2.5 |
(0.3) |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Kosovo |
4.2 |
(0.4) |
29.3 |
(0.9) |
43.1 |
(1.0) |
19.2 |
(0.7) |
3.9 |
(0.4) |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Lebanon |
8.9 |
(0.8) |
23.6 |
(1.2) |
29.7 |
(1.0) |
21.8 |
(1.0) |
11.8 |
(0.8) |
3.6 |
(0.4) |
0.5 |
(0.2) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
0.8 |
(0.2) |
5.1 |
(0.5) |
17.2 |
(0.7) |
32.3 |
(1.0) |
30.8 |
(0.9) |
11.9 |
(0.6) |
1.7 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Malaysia |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
8.3 |
(0.7) |
27.6 |
(1.0) |
35.9 |
(1.0) |
21.5 |
(0.9) |
5.4 |
(0.8) |
0.6 |
(0.2) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Malta |
3.4 |
(0.4) |
10.8 |
(0.7) |
19.4 |
(0.7) |
24.9 |
(0.9) |
23.7 |
(0.9) |
13.5 |
(0.7) |
3.9 |
(0.4) |
0.5 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Moldova |
2.4 |
(0.3) |
12.7 |
(0.7) |
27.4 |
(0.9) |
29.7 |
(0.9) |
20.2 |
(0.8) |
6.6 |
(0.5) |
0.8 |
(0.2) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Montenegro |
2.2 |
(0.3) |
14.6 |
(0.6) |
31.4 |
(0.8) |
31.5 |
(0.7) |
15.9 |
(0.6) |
4.0 |
(0.3) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Morocco |
2.7 |
(0.4) |
26.1 |
(1.4) |
40.7 |
(1.1) |
24.0 |
(1.4) |
6.1 |
(0.6) |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.0 |
c |
|
|
North Macedonia |
4.5 |
(0.4) |
15.5 |
(0.6) |
29.4 |
(0.8) |
28.2 |
(0.9) |
16.4 |
(0.7) |
5.2 |
(0.4) |
0.8 |
(0.2) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Panama |
10.5 |
(0.9) |
27.3 |
(1.1) |
33.5 |
(1.3) |
19.7 |
(0.8) |
7.4 |
(0.7) |
1.5 |
(0.3) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Peru |
2.7 |
(0.4) |
17.3 |
(0.9) |
34.5 |
(1.1) |
29.0 |
(0.8) |
13.2 |
(0.8) |
3.1 |
(0.5) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Philippines |
7.5 |
(0.8) |
35.3 |
(1.4) |
35.2 |
(1.2) |
15.4 |
(0.8) |
5.6 |
(0.7) |
1.0 |
(0.3) |
0.1 |
(0.0) |
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Qatar |
5.2 |
(0.3) |
16.6 |
(0.4) |
26.5 |
(0.6) |
24.9 |
(0.5) |
17.0 |
(0.4) |
7.5 |
(0.3) |
2.0 |
(0.2) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Romania |
2.9 |
(0.5) |
13.1 |
(1.2) |
28.0 |
(1.4) |
29.8 |
(1.0) |
18.9 |
(1.3) |
6.4 |
(0.8) |
0.9 |
(0.2) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Russia |
0.4 |
(0.2) |
4.1 |
(0.5) |
16.7 |
(0.9) |
31.7 |
(0.9) |
30.0 |
(0.9) |
14.0 |
(0.8) |
2.9 |
(0.4) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
4.9 |
(0.6) |
21.7 |
(1.0) |
35.6 |
(1.0) |
26.6 |
(1.0) |
9.6 |
(0.7) |
1.5 |
(0.3) |
0.1 |
(0.0) |
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Serbia |
1.9 |
(0.3) |
11.1 |
(0.8) |
25.3 |
(1.0) |
29.9 |
(0.9) |
21.1 |
(0.9) |
9.1 |
(0.7) |
1.5 |
(0.2) |
0.1 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Singapore |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
1.8 |
(0.2) |
7.1 |
(0.4) |
15.1 |
(0.7) |
25.4 |
(0.7) |
29.7 |
(0.7) |
17.0 |
(0.5) |
3.8 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
3.3 |
(0.3) |
11.2 |
(0.6) |
21.1 |
(0.9) |
28.5 |
(0.9) |
23.5 |
(0.8) |
10.0 |
(0.8) |
1.6 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Thailand |
1.3 |
(0.3) |
11.6 |
(0.8) |
31.6 |
(1.1) |
31.7 |
(0.9) |
17.8 |
(1.0) |
5.3 |
(0.7) |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Ukraine |
1.0 |
(0.2) |
6.3 |
(0.6) |
19.2 |
(0.9) |
30.0 |
(1.1) |
26.7 |
(1.1) |
13.4 |
(0.8) |
3.2 |
(0.5) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
3.7 |
(0.2) |
14.4 |
(0.5) |
24.7 |
(0.6) |
25.6 |
(0.5) |
19.2 |
(0.5) |
9.5 |
(0.5) |
2.6 |
(0.2) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Uruguay |
2.1 |
(0.4) |
13.2 |
(0.8) |
28.6 |
(1.0) |
30.6 |
(1.0) |
18.7 |
(0.9) |
6.1 |
(0.5) |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Viet Nam** |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
3.6 |
(0.5) |
18.1 |
(1.2) |
36.2 |
(1.2) |
29.8 |
(1.1) |
10.6 |
(0.8) |
1.5 |
(0.3) |
|
|
← * Data did not meet the PISA technical standards but were accepted as largely comparable (see Annexes A2 and A4). |
|||||||||||||||||
|
← ** The data for Viet Nam have not yet been fully validated. Due to a lack of consistency in the response pattern of some performance data, the OECD cannot yet assure full international comparability of the results (see Annexes A2 and A4). |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Table I.B1.4. Mean score and variation in reading performance
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mean score |
Standard deviation |
Percentiles |
|||||||||||||||||
|
5th |
10th |
25th |
Median (50th) |
75th |
90th |
95th |
|||||||||||||
|
Mean |
S.E. |
S.D. |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
||
|
OECD |
Australia |
503 |
(1.6) |
109 |
(0.9) |
315 |
(2.7) |
357 |
(2.8) |
429 |
(2.2) |
507 |
(1.9) |
580 |
(2.0) |
640 |
(2.2) |
673 |
(2.6) |
|
Austria |
484 |
(2.7) |
99 |
(1.2) |
318 |
(3.9) |
350 |
(3.7) |
413 |
(4.1) |
488 |
(3.8) |
558 |
(2.9) |
612 |
(2.9) |
641 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Belgium |
493 |
(2.3) |
103 |
(1.3) |
317 |
(4.0) |
352 |
(3.8) |
421 |
(3.2) |
498 |
(2.7) |
568 |
(2.6) |
623 |
(2.6) |
653 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Canada |
520 |
(1.8) |
100 |
(0.8) |
349 |
(2.8) |
388 |
(2.4) |
452 |
(2.3) |
524 |
(2.2) |
592 |
(2.0) |
646 |
(2.3) |
677 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Chile |
452 |
(2.6) |
92 |
(1.2) |
298 |
(3.7) |
331 |
(3.6) |
389 |
(3.1) |
453 |
(3.2) |
517 |
(3.4) |
572 |
(3.3) |
602 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Colombia |
412 |
(3.3) |
89 |
(1.5) |
272 |
(4.1) |
300 |
(3.7) |
350 |
(3.5) |
408 |
(3.8) |
472 |
(4.1) |
532 |
(4.7) |
566 |
(4.9) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
490 |
(2.5) |
97 |
(1.6) |
328 |
(5.2) |
362 |
(4.3) |
422 |
(3.7) |
492 |
(3.0) |
560 |
(2.9) |
616 |
(2.8) |
647 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Denmark |
501 |
(1.8) |
92 |
(1.2) |
344 |
(4.0) |
380 |
(3.0) |
439 |
(2.7) |
504 |
(2.2) |
566 |
(2.1) |
618 |
(2.6) |
647 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Estonia |
523 |
(1.8) |
93 |
(1.2) |
367 |
(3.8) |
402 |
(3.5) |
460 |
(2.6) |
524 |
(2.3) |
587 |
(2.3) |
643 |
(3.1) |
676 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Finland |
520 |
(2.3) |
100 |
(1.3) |
345 |
(4.7) |
387 |
(4.2) |
455 |
(3.2) |
527 |
(2.8) |
591 |
(2.5) |
643 |
(3.0) |
672 |
(3.3) |
|
|
France |
493 |
(2.3) |
101 |
(1.5) |
319 |
(4.3) |
355 |
(3.5) |
423 |
(3.0) |
497 |
(3.0) |
567 |
(3.3) |
622 |
(3.6) |
651 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Germany |
498 |
(3.0) |
106 |
(1.5) |
316 |
(5.0) |
354 |
(4.5) |
424 |
(4.4) |
504 |
(4.1) |
576 |
(3.5) |
632 |
(3.5) |
663 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Greece |
457 |
(3.6) |
97 |
(1.6) |
292 |
(4.8) |
326 |
(4.9) |
390 |
(4.9) |
460 |
(4.1) |
526 |
(3.7) |
583 |
(3.9) |
614 |
(5.0) |
|
|
Hungary |
476 |
(2.3) |
98 |
(1.3) |
311 |
(3.7) |
346 |
(4.0) |
407 |
(3.0) |
479 |
(3.1) |
547 |
(2.9) |
602 |
(3.7) |
631 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Iceland |
474 |
(1.7) |
105 |
(1.3) |
293 |
(4.4) |
332 |
(4.0) |
402 |
(3.3) |
477 |
(2.7) |
549 |
(3.0) |
609 |
(3.3) |
640 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Ireland |
518 |
(2.2) |
91 |
(1.0) |
364 |
(4.1) |
398 |
(3.5) |
456 |
(2.8) |
520 |
(2.4) |
583 |
(2.6) |
635 |
(2.8) |
663 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Israel |
470 |
(3.7) |
124 |
(1.9) |
256 |
(5.4) |
296 |
(5.9) |
381 |
(5.8) |
479 |
(4.9) |
563 |
(3.8) |
628 |
(3.7) |
663 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Italy |
476 |
(2.4) |
97 |
(1.7) |
306 |
(5.5) |
345 |
(4.6) |
413 |
(3.2) |
481 |
(2.9) |
545 |
(3.0) |
598 |
(3.4) |
628 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Japan |
504 |
(2.7) |
97 |
(1.7) |
337 |
(5.1) |
374 |
(4.5) |
438 |
(3.7) |
508 |
(3.0) |
572 |
(3.1) |
627 |
(3.7) |
657 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Korea |
514 |
(2.9) |
102 |
(1.7) |
329 |
(5.8) |
377 |
(4.9) |
449 |
(3.8) |
522 |
(3.1) |
585 |
(3.1) |
640 |
(3.9) |
669 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Latvia |
479 |
(1.6) |
90 |
(1.1) |
328 |
(3.6) |
360 |
(3.2) |
415 |
(2.3) |
480 |
(2.2) |
542 |
(2.3) |
595 |
(2.7) |
624 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Lithuania |
476 |
(1.5) |
94 |
(1.0) |
316 |
(3.5) |
351 |
(2.7) |
410 |
(2.6) |
479 |
(2.3) |
543 |
(1.9) |
597 |
(1.8) |
625 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
470 |
(1.1) |
108 |
(1.0) |
291 |
(3.1) |
325 |
(2.1) |
392 |
(2.0) |
472 |
(1.8) |
548 |
(1.9) |
612 |
(2.8) |
646 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Mexico |
420 |
(2.7) |
84 |
(1.6) |
286 |
(3.9) |
314 |
(3.5) |
362 |
(2.8) |
419 |
(2.9) |
476 |
(3.5) |
530 |
(4.2) |
562 |
(5.8) |
|
|
Netherlands* |
485 |
(2.7) |
105 |
(1.7) |
309 |
(5.2) |
344 |
(4.4) |
410 |
(3.5) |
486 |
(3.7) |
562 |
(3.4) |
621 |
(3.3) |
651 |
(3.4) |
|
|
New Zealand |
506 |
(2.0) |
106 |
(1.3) |
322 |
(4.8) |
362 |
(3.7) |
432 |
(3.2) |
511 |
(2.9) |
584 |
(2.1) |
640 |
(2.9) |
671 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Norway |
499 |
(2.2) |
106 |
(1.3) |
310 |
(4.3) |
356 |
(4.3) |
430 |
(3.2) |
506 |
(2.7) |
576 |
(3.1) |
632 |
(2.9) |
661 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Poland |
512 |
(2.7) |
97 |
(1.4) |
347 |
(4.5) |
384 |
(3.6) |
446 |
(2.9) |
515 |
(3.3) |
581 |
(3.4) |
636 |
(4.0) |
667 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Portugal* |
492 |
(2.4) |
96 |
(1.2) |
327 |
(4.7) |
362 |
(4.0) |
425 |
(3.4) |
497 |
(2.9) |
562 |
(2.9) |
613 |
(2.7) |
640 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
458 |
(2.2) |
100 |
(1.4) |
291 |
(4.3) |
326 |
(4.0) |
388 |
(3.1) |
458 |
(2.9) |
529 |
(3.1) |
590 |
(3.3) |
623 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Slovenia |
495 |
(1.2) |
94 |
(1.2) |
335 |
(3.9) |
372 |
(3.0) |
431 |
(2.2) |
499 |
(1.9) |
561 |
(2.1) |
614 |
(2.8) |
644 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Spain |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
|
|
Sweden |
506 |
(3.0) |
108 |
(1.5) |
317 |
(5.5) |
360 |
(5.7) |
434 |
(4.1) |
512 |
(3.4) |
583 |
(3.2) |
640 |
(3.5) |
672 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Switzerland |
484 |
(3.1) |
103 |
(1.5) |
308 |
(5.1) |
345 |
(4.6) |
413 |
(4.0) |
488 |
(3.6) |
558 |
(3.8) |
615 |
(4.0) |
647 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Turkey |
466 |
(2.2) |
88 |
(1.6) |
321 |
(4.6) |
351 |
(4.1) |
404 |
(3.0) |
466 |
(2.6) |
527 |
(2.4) |
581 |
(3.1) |
610 |
(4.6) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
504 |
(2.6) |
100 |
(1.3) |
334 |
(4.4) |
372 |
(4.3) |
435 |
(3.2) |
506 |
(2.7) |
575 |
(3.1) |
632 |
(3.5) |
664 |
(3.8) |
|
|
United States* |
505 |
(3.6) |
108 |
(1.6) |
321 |
(5.7) |
361 |
(5.3) |
430 |
(4.4) |
510 |
(4.1) |
584 |
(4.3) |
643 |
(3.9) |
676 |
(4.6) |
|
|
OECD average-36a |
487 |
(0.4) |
99 |
(0.2) |
318 |
(0.7) |
354 |
(0.7) |
419 |
(0.6) |
490 |
(0.5) |
558 |
(0.5) |
614 |
(0.5) |
644 |
(0.6) |
|
|
OECD total |
485 |
(1.2) |
105 |
(0.6) |
311 |
(1.6) |
347 |
(1.5) |
411 |
(1.4) |
486 |
(1.4) |
560 |
(1.4) |
620 |
(1.6) |
654 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Mean score |
Standard deviation |
Percentiles |
|||||||||||||||||
|
5th |
10th |
25th |
Median (50th) |
75th |
90th |
95th |
|||||||||||||
|
Mean |
S.E. |
S.D. |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
||
|
Partners |
Albania |
405 |
(1.9) |
80 |
(1.2) |
277 |
(2.9) |
303 |
(2.9) |
349 |
(2.2) |
403 |
(2.1) |
459 |
(2.8) |
510 |
(3.3) |
542 |
(4.1) |
|
Argentina |
402 |
(3.0) |
98 |
(1.5) |
240 |
(4.5) |
274 |
(4.2) |
333 |
(3.4) |
402 |
(3.6) |
471 |
(3.6) |
529 |
(3.4) |
561 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
389 |
(2.5) |
74 |
(1.7) |
270 |
(2.6) |
294 |
(2.5) |
338 |
(2.4) |
389 |
(2.4) |
438 |
(3.0) |
485 |
(4.6) |
514 |
(6.3) |
|
|
Belarus |
474 |
(2.4) |
89 |
(1.3) |
322 |
(4.5) |
355 |
(3.4) |
412 |
(3.1) |
475 |
(3.0) |
538 |
(3.0) |
589 |
(3.1) |
617 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
403 |
(2.9) |
79 |
(1.2) |
278 |
(3.1) |
303 |
(2.8) |
346 |
(3.0) |
400 |
(3.5) |
458 |
(3.7) |
509 |
(4.1) |
537 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Brazil |
413 |
(2.1) |
100 |
(1.3) |
258 |
(2.6) |
286 |
(2.6) |
340 |
(2.3) |
408 |
(2.4) |
482 |
(3.1) |
548 |
(3.7) |
584 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
408 |
(0.9) |
97 |
(0.8) |
258 |
(1.9) |
284 |
(1.9) |
335 |
(1.4) |
403 |
(1.5) |
476 |
(1.7) |
542 |
(2.5) |
578 |
(2.5) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
555 |
(2.7) |
87 |
(1.7) |
406 |
(5.9) |
441 |
(4.2) |
498 |
(3.5) |
559 |
(2.9) |
617 |
(3.1) |
666 |
(3.5) |
692 |
(4.8) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
420 |
(3.9) |
101 |
(1.8) |
263 |
(4.3) |
290 |
(4.5) |
344 |
(4.9) |
416 |
(4.8) |
491 |
(5.0) |
557 |
(5.2) |
594 |
(5.3) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
426 |
(3.4) |
81 |
(1.7) |
295 |
(3.8) |
323 |
(3.1) |
370 |
(2.9) |
424 |
(3.5) |
483 |
(4.5) |
534 |
(5.9) |
563 |
(6.4) |
|
|
Croatia |
479 |
(2.7) |
89 |
(1.7) |
329 |
(5.2) |
362 |
(4.6) |
418 |
(3.7) |
480 |
(3.2) |
542 |
(2.9) |
594 |
(3.2) |
623 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Cyprus |
424 |
(1.4) |
98 |
(0.9) |
265 |
(2.7) |
295 |
(2.9) |
353 |
(2.3) |
424 |
(1.9) |
494 |
(2.0) |
554 |
(2.6) |
587 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
342 |
(2.9) |
82 |
(1.8) |
221 |
(2.8) |
241 |
(2.5) |
281 |
(2.7) |
334 |
(3.2) |
395 |
(4.0) |
453 |
(5.5) |
488 |
(6.1) |
|
|
Georgia |
380 |
(2.2) |
84 |
(1.2) |
249 |
(3.1) |
274 |
(2.5) |
319 |
(2.6) |
374 |
(2.7) |
436 |
(2.8) |
493 |
(3.6) |
526 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China)* |
524 |
(2.7) |
99 |
(1.5) |
342 |
(6.7) |
390 |
(5.5) |
463 |
(3.7) |
533 |
(2.9) |
595 |
(2.6) |
645 |
(2.5) |
673 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Indonesia |
371 |
(2.6) |
75 |
(1.7) |
254 |
(3.6) |
277 |
(3.1) |
318 |
(2.8) |
367 |
(2.8) |
420 |
(3.6) |
472 |
(5.1) |
502 |
(5.7) |
|
|
Jordan |
419 |
(2.9) |
87 |
(1.7) |
261 |
(6.9) |
303 |
(5.7) |
366 |
(3.9) |
426 |
(3.0) |
480 |
(2.6) |
524 |
(3.1) |
550 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
387 |
(1.5) |
77 |
(1.2) |
271 |
(2.5) |
294 |
(2.2) |
333 |
(1.7) |
380 |
(1.5) |
433 |
(1.9) |
490 |
(2.9) |
527 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Kosovo |
353 |
(1.1) |
68 |
(0.7) |
245 |
(2.2) |
265 |
(2.1) |
304 |
(1.9) |
352 |
(1.7) |
398 |
(1.7) |
442 |
(2.0) |
470 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Lebanon |
353 |
(4.3) |
113 |
(1.6) |
180 |
(4.9) |
211 |
(4.6) |
268 |
(4.6) |
347 |
(5.7) |
434 |
(5.2) |
507 |
(5.0) |
546 |
(5.7) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
525 |
(1.2) |
92 |
(1.1) |
365 |
(5.0) |
403 |
(3.2) |
464 |
(2.3) |
530 |
(1.7) |
590 |
(2.1) |
641 |
(3.0) |
670 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Malaysia |
415 |
(2.9) |
85 |
(1.6) |
273 |
(3.5) |
302 |
(3.4) |
357 |
(3.1) |
417 |
(3.2) |
474 |
(3.4) |
524 |
(4.2) |
552 |
(5.0) |
|
|
Malta |
448 |
(1.7) |
113 |
(1.2) |
258 |
(4.2) |
295 |
(3.2) |
369 |
(3.0) |
452 |
(2.6) |
529 |
(3.0) |
593 |
(3.3) |
628 |
(4.3) |
|
|
Moldova |
424 |
(2.4) |
93 |
(1.6) |
268 |
(4.4) |
301 |
(3.3) |
358 |
(2.9) |
425 |
(3.1) |
491 |
(3.4) |
544 |
(3.7) |
573 |
(4.9) |
|
|
Montenegro |
421 |
(1.1) |
86 |
(0.8) |
281 |
(2.6) |
310 |
(2.1) |
360 |
(1.6) |
420 |
(1.7) |
480 |
(1.6) |
534 |
(2.0) |
566 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Morocco |
359 |
(3.1) |
75 |
(1.1) |
244 |
(2.6) |
265 |
(2.6) |
304 |
(3.0) |
355 |
(3.9) |
412 |
(4.0) |
460 |
(3.6) |
488 |
(3.9) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
393 |
(1.1) |
94 |
(1.0) |
233 |
(3.4) |
268 |
(2.7) |
328 |
(2.2) |
395 |
(1.9) |
460 |
(1.8) |
513 |
(2.4) |
543 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Panama |
377 |
(3.0) |
88 |
(1.9) |
237 |
(4.0) |
265 |
(3.7) |
315 |
(3.0) |
374 |
(3.0) |
436 |
(4.2) |
493 |
(5.6) |
528 |
(6.7) |
|
|
Peru |
401 |
(3.0) |
92 |
(1.5) |
256 |
(3.5) |
283 |
(2.9) |
334 |
(3.3) |
397 |
(3.3) |
463 |
(3.8) |
523 |
(4.9) |
558 |
(6.3) |
|
|
Philippines |
340 |
(3.3) |
80 |
(2.3) |
230 |
(2.6) |
248 |
(2.3) |
281 |
(2.3) |
327 |
(3.1) |
388 |
(4.7) |
453 |
(7.2) |
491 |
(8.3) |
|
|
Qatar |
407 |
(0.8) |
110 |
(0.6) |
233 |
(1.9) |
264 |
(1.8) |
326 |
(1.5) |
405 |
(1.3) |
483 |
(1.2) |
552 |
(1.8) |
592 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Romania |
428 |
(5.1) |
98 |
(2.2) |
261 |
(6.5) |
297 |
(6.0) |
361 |
(6.1) |
431 |
(6.0) |
497 |
(6.0) |
554 |
(5.9) |
584 |
(5.5) |
|
|
Russia |
479 |
(3.1) |
93 |
(1.8) |
321 |
(5.4) |
357 |
(4.8) |
416 |
(3.7) |
480 |
(3.4) |
543 |
(3.3) |
597 |
(3.6) |
629 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
399 |
(3.0) |
84 |
(1.6) |
256 |
(4.8) |
286 |
(4.4) |
341 |
(4.0) |
402 |
(3.4) |
459 |
(3.1) |
507 |
(3.0) |
534 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Serbia |
439 |
(3.3) |
96 |
(1.4) |
282 |
(4.0) |
312 |
(3.9) |
370 |
(4.4) |
440 |
(4.1) |
508 |
(3.5) |
566 |
(3.5) |
599 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Singapore |
549 |
(1.6) |
109 |
(1.0) |
352 |
(3.8) |
398 |
(3.9) |
478 |
(2.3) |
559 |
(2.1) |
628 |
(2.0) |
684 |
(2.5) |
714 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
503 |
(2.8) |
102 |
(1.5) |
325 |
(4.2) |
367 |
(3.8) |
435 |
(3.4) |
508 |
(3.1) |
576 |
(3.7) |
630 |
(3.8) |
661 |
(4.5) |
|
|
Thailand |
393 |
(3.2) |
79 |
(1.6) |
271 |
(3.4) |
295 |
(3.2) |
337 |
(3.2) |
388 |
(3.5) |
445 |
(4.4) |
501 |
(5.1) |
533 |
(5.8) |
|
|
Ukraine |
466 |
(3.5) |
93 |
(1.7) |
302 |
(6.2) |
340 |
(5.2) |
404 |
(4.8) |
472 |
(3.5) |
532 |
(3.5) |
582 |
(3.8) |
612 |
(4.8) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
432 |
(2.3) |
113 |
(0.9) |
251 |
(2.4) |
284 |
(2.7) |
348 |
(2.5) |
429 |
(2.6) |
511 |
(3.5) |
584 |
(3.1) |
624 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Uruguay |
427 |
(2.8) |
96 |
(1.6) |
267 |
(3.5) |
299 |
(3.6) |
360 |
(3.6) |
427 |
(3.2) |
495 |
(3.6) |
552 |
(4.5) |
585 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Viet Nam** |
505 |
(3.6) |
74 |
(1.7) |
381 |
(4.9) |
409 |
(4.6) |
456 |
(3.9) |
505 |
(3.7) |
554 |
(4.1) |
599 |
(4.7) |
625 |
(5.5) |
|
|
← * Data did not meet the PISA technical standards but were accepted as largely comparable (see Annexes A2 and A4). |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
← ** The data for Viet Nam have not yet been fully validated. Due to a lack of consistency in the response pattern of some performance data, the OECD cannot yet assure full international comparability of the results (see Annexes A2 and A4). |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Table I.B1.5. Mean score and variation in mathematics performance
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mean score |
Standard deviation |
Percentiles |
|||||||||||||||||
|
5th |
10th |
25th |
Median (50th) |
75th |
90th |
95th |
|||||||||||||
|
Mean |
S.E. |
S.D. |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
||
|
OECD |
Australia |
491 |
(1.9) |
92 |
(1.2) |
339 |
(3.8) |
371 |
(3.0) |
428 |
(2.2) |
492 |
(2.1) |
555 |
(2.0) |
609 |
(2.7) |
641 |
(3.6) |
|
Austria |
499 |
(3.0) |
93 |
(1.5) |
341 |
(4.4) |
374 |
(4.4) |
433 |
(4.0) |
503 |
(3.7) |
566 |
(3.5) |
618 |
(3.3) |
646 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Belgium |
508 |
(2.3) |
95 |
(1.7) |
344 |
(4.3) |
377 |
(4.1) |
440 |
(3.2) |
514 |
(2.5) |
579 |
(2.6) |
628 |
(3.4) |
656 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Canada |
512 |
(2.4) |
92 |
(1.1) |
358 |
(3.2) |
392 |
(3.0) |
449 |
(2.8) |
513 |
(2.6) |
576 |
(2.7) |
629 |
(2.7) |
661 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Chile |
417 |
(2.4) |
85 |
(1.4) |
282 |
(3.9) |
311 |
(3.5) |
359 |
(2.9) |
416 |
(2.9) |
475 |
(3.2) |
528 |
(3.5) |
559 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Colombia |
391 |
(3.0) |
81 |
(2.0) |
262 |
(5.4) |
290 |
(3.9) |
335 |
(3.5) |
387 |
(3.5) |
445 |
(3.8) |
499 |
(4.5) |
531 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
499 |
(2.5) |
93 |
(1.7) |
345 |
(5.2) |
378 |
(4.6) |
435 |
(3.6) |
501 |
(2.7) |
564 |
(2.8) |
619 |
(3.1) |
650 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Denmark |
509 |
(1.7) |
82 |
(1.0) |
370 |
(3.6) |
401 |
(2.6) |
454 |
(2.3) |
512 |
(2.3) |
567 |
(2.3) |
613 |
(2.8) |
640 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Estonia |
523 |
(1.7) |
82 |
(1.1) |
390 |
(3.1) |
419 |
(2.9) |
468 |
(2.4) |
524 |
(2.0) |
579 |
(2.2) |
628 |
(2.7) |
657 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Finland |
507 |
(2.0) |
82 |
(1.2) |
368 |
(3.6) |
399 |
(3.4) |
451 |
(2.5) |
510 |
(2.5) |
565 |
(2.4) |
612 |
(2.5) |
639 |
(3.3) |
|
|
France |
495 |
(2.3) |
93 |
(1.5) |
333 |
(4.3) |
370 |
(3.4) |
433 |
(3.2) |
502 |
(3.0) |
562 |
(3.2) |
611 |
(3.3) |
638 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Germany |
500 |
(2.6) |
95 |
(1.5) |
337 |
(4.6) |
373 |
(4.2) |
433 |
(3.6) |
504 |
(3.5) |
570 |
(3.3) |
621 |
(3.2) |
650 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Greece |
451 |
(3.1) |
89 |
(1.8) |
302 |
(4.9) |
334 |
(4.7) |
391 |
(4.1) |
454 |
(3.3) |
513 |
(3.2) |
565 |
(3.8) |
595 |
(4.7) |
|
|
Hungary |
481 |
(2.3) |
91 |
(1.6) |
328 |
(3.9) |
360 |
(4.0) |
418 |
(3.3) |
484 |
(2.9) |
546 |
(3.0) |
597 |
(3.7) |
626 |
(4.7) |
|
|
Iceland |
495 |
(2.0) |
90 |
(1.2) |
340 |
(3.8) |
374 |
(4.2) |
434 |
(3.4) |
499 |
(2.7) |
559 |
(2.7) |
609 |
(3.0) |
638 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Ireland |
500 |
(2.2) |
78 |
(1.0) |
367 |
(3.6) |
397 |
(3.3) |
447 |
(2.6) |
502 |
(2.5) |
554 |
(2.3) |
599 |
(3.0) |
625 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Israel |
463 |
(3.5) |
108 |
(1.9) |
276 |
(6.2) |
315 |
(5.5) |
388 |
(5.0) |
468 |
(4.0) |
542 |
(3.6) |
600 |
(3.9) |
632 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Italy |
487 |
(2.8) |
94 |
(1.8) |
327 |
(5.5) |
363 |
(4.7) |
423 |
(3.1) |
490 |
(3.5) |
552 |
(3.3) |
605 |
(3.9) |
635 |
(4.9) |
|
|
Japan |
527 |
(2.5) |
86 |
(1.6) |
380 |
(4.3) |
413 |
(3.9) |
468 |
(3.1) |
530 |
(2.9) |
589 |
(2.8) |
637 |
(3.8) |
664 |
(4.5) |
|
|
Korea |
526 |
(3.1) |
100 |
(2.0) |
354 |
(5.0) |
393 |
(4.4) |
460 |
(3.8) |
530 |
(3.4) |
596 |
(3.6) |
651 |
(4.6) |
684 |
(5.9) |
|
|
Latvia |
496 |
(2.0) |
80 |
(1.1) |
363 |
(4.1) |
393 |
(3.2) |
441 |
(2.4) |
497 |
(2.4) |
551 |
(2.5) |
599 |
(3.1) |
628 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Lithuania |
481 |
(2.0) |
91 |
(1.1) |
330 |
(4.1) |
362 |
(3.6) |
418 |
(2.8) |
483 |
(2.3) |
545 |
(2.2) |
598 |
(2.8) |
630 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
483 |
(1.1) |
98 |
(1.3) |
321 |
(3.4) |
353 |
(2.9) |
413 |
(2.1) |
485 |
(2.0) |
555 |
(2.0) |
611 |
(2.4) |
641 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Mexico |
409 |
(2.5) |
78 |
(1.6) |
284 |
(3.8) |
311 |
(3.6) |
356 |
(2.7) |
408 |
(2.7) |
461 |
(3.1) |
510 |
(3.6) |
539 |
(4.5) |
|
|
Netherlands* |
519 |
(2.6) |
93 |
(1.8) |
362 |
(5.0) |
394 |
(4.8) |
453 |
(4.0) |
524 |
(3.0) |
588 |
(2.7) |
638 |
(3.6) |
664 |
(3.7) |
|
|
New Zealand |
494 |
(1.7) |
93 |
(1.1) |
339 |
(3.7) |
372 |
(3.0) |
430 |
(2.5) |
496 |
(2.3) |
560 |
(2.2) |
614 |
(2.2) |
645 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Norway |
501 |
(2.2) |
90 |
(1.3) |
345 |
(4.1) |
381 |
(3.9) |
441 |
(2.9) |
504 |
(2.8) |
565 |
(2.4) |
617 |
(3.1) |
645 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Poland |
516 |
(2.6) |
90 |
(1.7) |
366 |
(4.7) |
398 |
(3.8) |
455 |
(2.9) |
517 |
(2.8) |
578 |
(3.1) |
631 |
(4.2) |
661 |
(4.7) |
|
|
Portugal* |
492 |
(2.7) |
96 |
(1.3) |
327 |
(5.2) |
362 |
(3.8) |
426 |
(3.6) |
497 |
(3.2) |
562 |
(3.0) |
614 |
(3.6) |
643 |
(4.5) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
486 |
(2.6) |
100 |
(1.7) |
315 |
(6.0) |
353 |
(5.4) |
420 |
(4.1) |
492 |
(3.0) |
556 |
(2.7) |
610 |
(3.1) |
640 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Slovenia |
509 |
(1.4) |
89 |
(1.4) |
360 |
(5.3) |
392 |
(3.0) |
448 |
(2.3) |
511 |
(1.8) |
571 |
(2.3) |
622 |
(2.8) |
652 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Spain |
481 |
(1.5) |
88 |
(1.0) |
331 |
(2.8) |
365 |
(2.4) |
421 |
(1.8) |
484 |
(1.6) |
544 |
(1.8) |
593 |
(2.2) |
621 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Sweden |
502 |
(2.7) |
91 |
(1.4) |
348 |
(5.7) |
383 |
(4.6) |
441 |
(3.7) |
505 |
(3.2) |
567 |
(2.9) |
618 |
(3.3) |
647 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Switzerland |
515 |
(2.9) |
94 |
(1.4) |
360 |
(4.4) |
391 |
(3.5) |
448 |
(3.8) |
518 |
(3.7) |
582 |
(3.4) |
636 |
(4.3) |
668 |
(4.8) |
|
|
Turkey |
454 |
(2.3) |
88 |
(1.8) |
314 |
(4.3) |
343 |
(3.8) |
392 |
(3.2) |
450 |
(2.4) |
512 |
(2.7) |
571 |
(4.0) |
605 |
(5.3) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
502 |
(2.6) |
93 |
(1.4) |
346 |
(4.1) |
381 |
(4.0) |
439 |
(2.9) |
504 |
(2.7) |
567 |
(3.0) |
620 |
(3.3) |
651 |
(4.2) |
|
|
United States* |
478 |
(3.2) |
92 |
(1.5) |
326 |
(5.0) |
357 |
(4.6) |
414 |
(4.0) |
479 |
(3.8) |
543 |
(3.9) |
598 |
(4.3) |
629 |
(4.6) |
|
|
OECD average |
489 |
(0.4) |
91 |
(0.2) |
337 |
(0.7) |
370 |
(0.6) |
427 |
(0.5) |
492 |
(0.5) |
553 |
(0.5) |
605 |
(0.6) |
634 |
(0.7) |
|
|
OECD total |
478 |
(1.0) |
97 |
(0.5) |
318 |
(1.7) |
350 |
(1.5) |
409 |
(1.3) |
478 |
(1.2) |
547 |
(1.2) |
604 |
(1.3) |
636 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Mean score |
Standard deviation |
Percentiles |
|||||||||||||||||
|
5th |
10th |
25th |
Median (50th) |
75th |
90th |
95th |
|||||||||||||
|
Mean |
S.E. |
S.D. |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
||
|
Partners |
Albania |
437 |
(2.4) |
83 |
(1.3) |
303 |
(3.6) |
332 |
(3.1) |
381 |
(2.9) |
436 |
(3.0) |
493 |
(2.8) |
544 |
(3.5) |
575 |
(3.8) |
|
Argentina |
379 |
(2.8) |
84 |
(1.7) |
243 |
(4.6) |
272 |
(4.1) |
322 |
(3.6) |
378 |
(3.1) |
436 |
(3.5) |
489 |
(3.8) |
520 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
420 |
(2.8) |
89 |
(1.7) |
276 |
(3.8) |
306 |
(3.4) |
359 |
(2.9) |
418 |
(3.1) |
480 |
(3.8) |
535 |
(5.0) |
570 |
(5.4) |
|
|
Belarus |
472 |
(2.7) |
93 |
(1.4) |
318 |
(5.0) |
351 |
(3.4) |
407 |
(3.1) |
473 |
(3.0) |
537 |
(3.2) |
592 |
(3.5) |
623 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
406 |
(3.1) |
82 |
(1.3) |
276 |
(4.1) |
303 |
(3.2) |
349 |
(3.2) |
404 |
(3.5) |
462 |
(3.7) |
514 |
(4.4) |
545 |
(4.3) |
|
|
Brazil |
384 |
(2.0) |
88 |
(1.6) |
251 |
(3.1) |
277 |
(2.5) |
322 |
(2.3) |
377 |
(2.4) |
440 |
(2.8) |
501 |
(3.9) |
538 |
(4.9) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
430 |
(1.2) |
91 |
(1.0) |
287 |
(3.4) |
316 |
(2.4) |
365 |
(2.0) |
425 |
(1.6) |
492 |
(2.0) |
555 |
(2.2) |
588 |
(3.4) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
591 |
(2.5) |
80 |
(1.8) |
452 |
(5.2) |
486 |
(4.2) |
540 |
(3.0) |
596 |
(2.7) |
647 |
(3.0) |
691 |
(3.2) |
716 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
436 |
(3.8) |
97 |
(2.1) |
280 |
(6.1) |
311 |
(4.6) |
368 |
(4.6) |
434 |
(4.2) |
503 |
(4.1) |
563 |
(5.7) |
599 |
(6.8) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
402 |
(3.3) |
75 |
(2.0) |
282 |
(4.2) |
308 |
(3.4) |
352 |
(2.7) |
401 |
(3.3) |
452 |
(4.2) |
499 |
(5.5) |
528 |
(7.0) |
|
|
Croatia |
464 |
(2.5) |
87 |
(1.7) |
323 |
(4.6) |
354 |
(3.9) |
405 |
(3.0) |
463 |
(2.9) |
523 |
(3.1) |
577 |
(3.9) |
608 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Cyprus |
451 |
(1.4) |
95 |
(1.1) |
292 |
(3.5) |
325 |
(2.8) |
385 |
(2.5) |
454 |
(1.9) |
517 |
(2.1) |
571 |
(2.4) |
601 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
325 |
(2.6) |
71 |
(2.0) |
214 |
(3.2) |
236 |
(2.7) |
276 |
(2.7) |
322 |
(2.9) |
370 |
(3.2) |
417 |
(4.8) |
449 |
(6.6) |
|
|
Georgia |
398 |
(2.6) |
88 |
(1.6) |
257 |
(3.9) |
286 |
(3.5) |
336 |
(2.9) |
394 |
(2.8) |
457 |
(3.7) |
515 |
(4.4) |
548 |
(6.0) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China)* |
551 |
(3.0) |
94 |
(1.9) |
387 |
(6.2) |
426 |
(5.4) |
490 |
(4.2) |
557 |
(3.1) |
617 |
(2.8) |
667 |
(3.5) |
696 |
(4.5) |
|
|
Indonesia |
379 |
(3.1) |
79 |
(2.2) |
255 |
(4.3) |
281 |
(3.9) |
325 |
(3.2) |
376 |
(3.1) |
427 |
(3.7) |
480 |
(5.9) |
517 |
(8.7) |
|
|
Jordan |
400 |
(3.3) |
85 |
(1.7) |
259 |
(4.6) |
291 |
(4.2) |
343 |
(3.4) |
400 |
(3.4) |
458 |
(3.9) |
508 |
(4.3) |
539 |
(5.2) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
423 |
(1.9) |
87 |
(1.1) |
282 |
(3.2) |
314 |
(2.4) |
365 |
(2.2) |
422 |
(2.0) |
480 |
(2.2) |
535 |
(3.0) |
568 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Kosovo |
366 |
(1.5) |
77 |
(1.3) |
243 |
(3.7) |
269 |
(2.7) |
313 |
(2.1) |
364 |
(1.8) |
416 |
(2.3) |
465 |
(3.3) |
497 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Lebanon |
393 |
(4.0) |
106 |
(1.6) |
224 |
(5.2) |
256 |
(4.8) |
317 |
(5.1) |
391 |
(5.0) |
469 |
(5.0) |
533 |
(4.7) |
569 |
(4.7) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
558 |
(1.5) |
81 |
(1.5) |
420 |
(4.1) |
452 |
(3.6) |
505 |
(2.3) |
561 |
(2.3) |
613 |
(2.2) |
659 |
(2.6) |
685 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Malaysia |
440 |
(2.9) |
83 |
(1.7) |
307 |
(3.6) |
335 |
(3.0) |
383 |
(3.1) |
438 |
(3.0) |
496 |
(3.9) |
550 |
(4.8) |
580 |
(5.9) |
|
|
Malta |
472 |
(1.9) |
102 |
(1.4) |
297 |
(4.4) |
334 |
(3.4) |
401 |
(3.6) |
478 |
(2.7) |
545 |
(2.7) |
599 |
(3.5) |
630 |
(4.8) |
|
|
Moldova |
421 |
(2.4) |
94 |
(1.7) |
268 |
(3.8) |
300 |
(3.1) |
354 |
(2.6) |
419 |
(2.7) |
486 |
(3.2) |
543 |
(4.4) |
578 |
(5.7) |
|
|
Montenegro |
430 |
(1.2) |
83 |
(1.0) |
295 |
(2.8) |
324 |
(2.2) |
371 |
(1.9) |
429 |
(1.7) |
487 |
(1.6) |
538 |
(2.1) |
569 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Morocco |
368 |
(3.3) |
76 |
(1.5) |
249 |
(3.5) |
273 |
(3.2) |
314 |
(3.3) |
363 |
(3.6) |
418 |
(4.4) |
469 |
(4.4) |
499 |
(5.0) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
394 |
(1.6) |
93 |
(1.2) |
243 |
(3.9) |
275 |
(2.9) |
330 |
(2.1) |
394 |
(2.4) |
458 |
(2.2) |
516 |
(3.5) |
550 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Panama |
353 |
(2.7) |
77 |
(2.1) |
228 |
(5.0) |
255 |
(3.9) |
300 |
(2.9) |
351 |
(2.7) |
403 |
(3.6) |
454 |
(5.5) |
485 |
(6.3) |
|
|
Peru |
400 |
(2.6) |
84 |
(1.5) |
266 |
(3.4) |
293 |
(3.1) |
341 |
(2.9) |
397 |
(2.9) |
456 |
(3.5) |
511 |
(4.1) |
544 |
(5.1) |
|
|
Philippines |
353 |
(3.5) |
78 |
(2.0) |
229 |
(4.2) |
255 |
(3.7) |
299 |
(3.2) |
349 |
(3.4) |
403 |
(4.5) |
456 |
(6.0) |
488 |
(7.4) |
|
|
Qatar |
414 |
(1.2) |
98 |
(0.9) |
259 |
(2.8) |
290 |
(2.2) |
345 |
(1.6) |
411 |
(1.8) |
481 |
(1.6) |
544 |
(2.1) |
582 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Romania |
430 |
(4.9) |
94 |
(2.1) |
277 |
(5.7) |
310 |
(5.4) |
365 |
(4.7) |
428 |
(5.7) |
495 |
(6.1) |
554 |
(6.9) |
588 |
(7.2) |
|
|
Russia |
488 |
(3.0) |
86 |
(1.9) |
344 |
(5.5) |
376 |
(4.3) |
430 |
(4.0) |
489 |
(3.1) |
547 |
(3.3) |
597 |
(3.9) |
627 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
373 |
(3.0) |
79 |
(1.6) |
246 |
(4.6) |
273 |
(4.3) |
319 |
(3.4) |
372 |
(3.3) |
426 |
(3.6) |
475 |
(3.6) |
505 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Serbia |
448 |
(3.2) |
97 |
(1.7) |
293 |
(5.3) |
324 |
(4.3) |
380 |
(3.9) |
446 |
(3.8) |
516 |
(3.8) |
576 |
(3.9) |
609 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Singapore |
569 |
(1.6) |
94 |
(1.2) |
401 |
(3.4) |
441 |
(2.9) |
508 |
(2.4) |
576 |
(2.0) |
636 |
(2.1) |
684 |
(2.7) |
713 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
531 |
(2.9) |
100 |
(1.7) |
358 |
(4.6) |
397 |
(3.9) |
466 |
(3.8) |
537 |
(3.1) |
601 |
(3.5) |
656 |
(4.4) |
686 |
(5.3) |
|
|
Thailand |
419 |
(3.4) |
88 |
(1.8) |
282 |
(4.8) |
310 |
(3.6) |
358 |
(3.3) |
414 |
(3.7) |
475 |
(4.3) |
535 |
(5.8) |
572 |
(6.1) |
|
|
Ukraine |
453 |
(3.6) |
94 |
(1.9) |
297 |
(5.2) |
331 |
(4.4) |
390 |
(4.2) |
454 |
(4.1) |
517 |
(4.1) |
573 |
(5.0) |
607 |
(5.7) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
435 |
(2.1) |
106 |
(1.2) |
265 |
(3.9) |
299 |
(3.2) |
360 |
(2.8) |
433 |
(2.7) |
509 |
(2.6) |
574 |
(2.4) |
611 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Uruguay |
418 |
(2.6) |
85 |
(1.7) |
276 |
(4.4) |
307 |
(3.5) |
359 |
(3.1) |
419 |
(3.4) |
477 |
(3.7) |
529 |
(3.9) |
558 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Viet Nam** |
496 |
(4.0) |
75 |
(2.0) |
373 |
(5.0) |
400 |
(5.0) |
445 |
(4.4) |
496 |
(4.1) |
546 |
(4.5) |
591 |
(5.1) |
619 |
(5.8) |
|
|
← * Data did not meet the PISA technical standards but were accepted as largely comparable (see Annexes A2 and A4). |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
← ** The data for Viet Nam have not yet been fully validated. Due to a lack of consistency in the response pattern of some performance data, the OECD cannot yet assure full international comparability of the results (see Annexes A2 and A4). |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Table I.B1.6. Mean score and variation in science performance
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mean score |
Standard deviation |
Percentiles |
|||||||||||||||||
|
5th |
10th |
25th |
Median (50th) |
75th |
90th |
95th |
|||||||||||||
|
Mean |
S.E. |
S.D. |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
||
|
OECD |
Australia |
503 |
(1.8) |
101 |
(1.1) |
334 |
(2.7) |
369 |
(2.6) |
432 |
(2.2) |
506 |
(2.3) |
575 |
(2.2) |
631 |
(2.7) |
664 |
(3.8) |
|
Austria |
490 |
(2.8) |
96 |
(1.2) |
332 |
(3.8) |
361 |
(3.1) |
420 |
(3.6) |
493 |
(3.5) |
560 |
(3.1) |
614 |
(3.3) |
642 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Belgium |
499 |
(2.2) |
99 |
(1.3) |
328 |
(4.2) |
363 |
(4.0) |
428 |
(3.4) |
505 |
(2.6) |
571 |
(2.5) |
624 |
(2.3) |
652 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Canada |
518 |
(2.2) |
96 |
(1.0) |
357 |
(2.6) |
393 |
(2.3) |
453 |
(2.5) |
520 |
(2.6) |
586 |
(2.6) |
640 |
(2.5) |
671 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Chile |
444 |
(2.4) |
83 |
(1.4) |
309 |
(3.6) |
336 |
(3.1) |
385 |
(3.0) |
442 |
(2.9) |
502 |
(3.3) |
553 |
(3.3) |
584 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Colombia |
413 |
(3.1) |
82 |
(1.4) |
287 |
(3.8) |
311 |
(3.7) |
355 |
(3.6) |
409 |
(3.6) |
469 |
(4.0) |
524 |
(4.1) |
555 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
497 |
(2.5) |
94 |
(1.6) |
341 |
(4.8) |
373 |
(4.0) |
430 |
(3.7) |
497 |
(3.1) |
564 |
(3.1) |
620 |
(2.9) |
651 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Denmark |
493 |
(1.9) |
91 |
(1.3) |
337 |
(3.8) |
372 |
(3.4) |
431 |
(2.6) |
496 |
(2.5) |
558 |
(2.6) |
609 |
(3.1) |
637 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Estonia |
530 |
(1.9) |
88 |
(1.2) |
384 |
(3.9) |
417 |
(3.5) |
469 |
(2.9) |
531 |
(2.4) |
591 |
(2.4) |
644 |
(2.7) |
674 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Finland |
522 |
(2.5) |
96 |
(1.3) |
356 |
(4.4) |
393 |
(4.1) |
458 |
(3.2) |
526 |
(2.9) |
590 |
(2.8) |
643 |
(2.9) |
673 |
(3.8) |
|
|
France |
493 |
(2.2) |
96 |
(1.4) |
330 |
(4.2) |
364 |
(3.5) |
425 |
(3.1) |
497 |
(3.1) |
563 |
(2.9) |
615 |
(3.2) |
644 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Germany |
503 |
(2.9) |
103 |
(1.6) |
328 |
(5.2) |
363 |
(4.0) |
430 |
(3.9) |
508 |
(3.9) |
577 |
(3.5) |
633 |
(3.3) |
665 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Greece |
452 |
(3.1) |
86 |
(1.6) |
309 |
(5.2) |
338 |
(4.6) |
392 |
(4.1) |
453 |
(3.6) |
513 |
(3.3) |
561 |
(3.4) |
591 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Hungary |
481 |
(2.3) |
94 |
(1.4) |
325 |
(4.4) |
356 |
(3.9) |
412 |
(3.1) |
484 |
(3.1) |
549 |
(3.3) |
602 |
(3.6) |
631 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Iceland |
475 |
(1.8) |
91 |
(1.0) |
325 |
(3.6) |
354 |
(3.1) |
410 |
(3.0) |
476 |
(2.6) |
540 |
(2.7) |
594 |
(3.1) |
623 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Ireland |
496 |
(2.2) |
88 |
(1.2) |
348 |
(4.1) |
380 |
(3.5) |
435 |
(2.6) |
498 |
(2.6) |
558 |
(2.6) |
610 |
(3.2) |
639 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Israel |
462 |
(3.6) |
111 |
(1.9) |
279 |
(5.6) |
314 |
(5.0) |
381 |
(5.1) |
464 |
(5.0) |
544 |
(3.7) |
607 |
(3.8) |
640 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Italy |
468 |
(2.4) |
90 |
(1.7) |
316 |
(4.7) |
348 |
(3.9) |
407 |
(3.1) |
470 |
(3.0) |
532 |
(3.0) |
583 |
(3.7) |
612 |
(4.7) |
|
|
Japan |
529 |
(2.6) |
92 |
(1.6) |
371 |
(4.5) |
405 |
(4.4) |
466 |
(3.7) |
534 |
(2.9) |
595 |
(3.0) |
646 |
(3.5) |
673 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Korea |
519 |
(2.8) |
98 |
(1.7) |
352 |
(4.9) |
388 |
(4.1) |
453 |
(3.7) |
524 |
(3.3) |
589 |
(3.1) |
642 |
(3.8) |
672 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Latvia |
487 |
(1.8) |
84 |
(1.2) |
347 |
(3.8) |
377 |
(3.3) |
429 |
(2.8) |
489 |
(2.2) |
546 |
(2.3) |
595 |
(2.7) |
623 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Lithuania |
482 |
(1.6) |
90 |
(1.0) |
334 |
(3.6) |
364 |
(2.9) |
418 |
(2.8) |
483 |
(2.2) |
546 |
(1.8) |
599 |
(2.3) |
629 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
477 |
(1.2) |
98 |
(1.2) |
317 |
(3.6) |
347 |
(2.6) |
404 |
(2.1) |
477 |
(1.7) |
549 |
(2.2) |
606 |
(2.9) |
637 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Mexico |
419 |
(2.6) |
74 |
(1.6) |
303 |
(4.3) |
326 |
(3.9) |
367 |
(2.7) |
416 |
(2.7) |
469 |
(3.0) |
518 |
(4.3) |
548 |
(4.5) |
|
|
Netherlands* |
503 |
(2.8) |
104 |
(1.9) |
329 |
(5.5) |
364 |
(5.2) |
428 |
(4.5) |
508 |
(3.7) |
581 |
(3.1) |
636 |
(3.5) |
666 |
(3.8) |
|
|
New Zealand |
508 |
(2.1) |
102 |
(1.4) |
336 |
(4.5) |
371 |
(3.7) |
437 |
(2.8) |
512 |
(2.7) |
582 |
(2.7) |
640 |
(2.9) |
670 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Norway |
490 |
(2.3) |
98 |
(1.2) |
321 |
(4.5) |
357 |
(3.9) |
424 |
(3.3) |
495 |
(2.5) |
560 |
(2.8) |
616 |
(2.9) |
645 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Poland |
511 |
(2.6) |
92 |
(1.4) |
359 |
(4.2) |
392 |
(3.4) |
448 |
(2.8) |
511 |
(3.0) |
576 |
(3.4) |
630 |
(4.0) |
660 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Portugal* |
492 |
(2.8) |
92 |
(1.3) |
336 |
(5.6) |
368 |
(4.3) |
427 |
(3.6) |
494 |
(3.0) |
558 |
(3.1) |
609 |
(3.5) |
638 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
464 |
(2.3) |
96 |
(1.5) |
307 |
(3.9) |
338 |
(3.5) |
397 |
(3.2) |
464 |
(2.9) |
531 |
(2.9) |
589 |
(3.5) |
622 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Slovenia |
507 |
(1.3) |
88 |
(1.1) |
359 |
(3.3) |
390 |
(3.4) |
447 |
(2.1) |
510 |
(1.9) |
569 |
(1.9) |
621 |
(2.8) |
648 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Spain |
483 |
(1.6) |
89 |
(0.8) |
334 |
(2.3) |
365 |
(2.4) |
421 |
(1.9) |
485 |
(1.7) |
547 |
(1.8) |
598 |
(2.2) |
627 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Sweden |
499 |
(3.1) |
98 |
(1.5) |
333 |
(6.0) |
368 |
(5.1) |
431 |
(4.0) |
503 |
(3.4) |
570 |
(3.1) |
624 |
(3.3) |
655 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Switzerland |
495 |
(3.0) |
97 |
(1.4) |
335 |
(3.9) |
367 |
(3.5) |
426 |
(3.8) |
497 |
(3.8) |
565 |
(4.0) |
622 |
(4.6) |
651 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Turkey |
468 |
(2.0) |
84 |
(1.6) |
335 |
(3.4) |
361 |
(3.1) |
409 |
(2.8) |
466 |
(2.3) |
526 |
(2.4) |
579 |
(3.9) |
608 |
(4.8) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
505 |
(2.6) |
99 |
(1.4) |
340 |
(4.7) |
374 |
(3.8) |
437 |
(3.2) |
507 |
(2.7) |
575 |
(3.2) |
632 |
(3.2) |
664 |
(3.7) |
|
|
United States* |
502 |
(3.3) |
99 |
(1.6) |
336 |
(6.1) |
371 |
(4.9) |
433 |
(4.4) |
505 |
(3.9) |
574 |
(3.8) |
629 |
(3.9) |
660 |
(3.8) |
|
|
OECD average |
489 |
(0.4) |
94 |
(0.2) |
333 |
(0.7) |
365 |
(0.6) |
423 |
(0.5) |
491 |
(0.5) |
555 |
(0.5) |
609 |
(0.5) |
639 |
(0.6) |
|
|
OECD total |
486 |
(1.1) |
99 |
(0.5) |
325 |
(1.5) |
357 |
(1.5) |
415 |
(1.3) |
486 |
(1.2) |
558 |
(1.3) |
616 |
(1.4) |
648 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Mean score |
Standard deviation |
Percentiles |
|||||||||||||||||
|
5th |
10th |
25th |
Median (50th) |
75th |
90th |
95th |
|||||||||||||
|
Mean |
S.E. |
S.D. |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
Score |
S.E. |
||
|
Partners |
Albania |
417 |
(2.0) |
74 |
(1.1) |
298 |
(3.2) |
323 |
(3.1) |
366 |
(2.4) |
416 |
(2.5) |
466 |
(2.6) |
514 |
(3.2) |
541 |
(3.6) |
|
Argentina |
404 |
(2.9) |
90 |
(1.6) |
261 |
(4.7) |
291 |
(4.0) |
340 |
(3.4) |
401 |
(3.3) |
466 |
(3.7) |
523 |
(4.0) |
555 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
398 |
(2.4) |
74 |
(1.6) |
281 |
(3.0) |
305 |
(2.5) |
347 |
(2.3) |
395 |
(2.2) |
446 |
(3.0) |
494 |
(4.6) |
524 |
(6.2) |
|
|
Belarus |
471 |
(2.4) |
85 |
(1.3) |
331 |
(3.7) |
361 |
(3.5) |
412 |
(3.4) |
472 |
(2.9) |
531 |
(2.7) |
581 |
(2.7) |
610 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
398 |
(2.7) |
77 |
(1.3) |
278 |
(3.6) |
302 |
(3.1) |
344 |
(2.7) |
396 |
(3.2) |
451 |
(3.6) |
499 |
(3.8) |
528 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Brazil |
404 |
(2.1) |
90 |
(1.5) |
268 |
(3.0) |
292 |
(2.3) |
338 |
(2.1) |
396 |
(2.3) |
464 |
(3.1) |
527 |
(3.6) |
563 |
(4.8) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
431 |
(1.2) |
96 |
(1.1) |
290 |
(2.6) |
315 |
(2.0) |
359 |
(1.9) |
421 |
(1.5) |
497 |
(1.7) |
566 |
(2.8) |
603 |
(2.8) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
590 |
(2.7) |
83 |
(1.7) |
448 |
(5.0) |
482 |
(4.0) |
536 |
(3.4) |
594 |
(2.8) |
649 |
(3.1) |
695 |
(3.7) |
721 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
424 |
(3.6) |
95 |
(2.0) |
279 |
(5.1) |
305 |
(4.3) |
355 |
(4.0) |
418 |
(4.1) |
490 |
(4.8) |
552 |
(5.3) |
587 |
(6.1) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
416 |
(3.3) |
73 |
(1.9) |
300 |
(3.9) |
324 |
(3.2) |
364 |
(3.0) |
414 |
(3.4) |
466 |
(4.3) |
512 |
(5.6) |
540 |
(6.6) |
|
|
Croatia |
472 |
(2.8) |
90 |
(1.6) |
327 |
(4.2) |
356 |
(4.0) |
409 |
(3.5) |
471 |
(3.2) |
536 |
(3.1) |
590 |
(3.5) |
622 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Cyprus |
439 |
(1.4) |
93 |
(1.1) |
291 |
(3.3) |
319 |
(2.6) |
372 |
(2.7) |
437 |
(2.2) |
505 |
(2.2) |
562 |
(2.2) |
592 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
336 |
(2.5) |
71 |
(1.6) |
231 |
(2.7) |
250 |
(2.8) |
286 |
(2.4) |
329 |
(2.9) |
379 |
(3.5) |
431 |
(4.8) |
463 |
(5.7) |
|
|
Georgia |
383 |
(2.3) |
81 |
(1.3) |
255 |
(3.6) |
281 |
(2.7) |
326 |
(2.7) |
379 |
(2.9) |
437 |
(3.0) |
491 |
(3.9) |
522 |
(4.9) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China)* |
517 |
(2.5) |
86 |
(1.2) |
364 |
(4.6) |
401 |
(4.3) |
461 |
(3.2) |
522 |
(2.7) |
577 |
(2.5) |
623 |
(3.3) |
650 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Indonesia |
396 |
(2.4) |
69 |
(1.7) |
289 |
(3.2) |
312 |
(3.0) |
348 |
(2.6) |
392 |
(2.6) |
440 |
(3.1) |
488 |
(4.6) |
517 |
(5.7) |
|
|
Jordan |
429 |
(2.9) |
88 |
(1.5) |
282 |
(5.5) |
316 |
(4.4) |
370 |
(3.7) |
431 |
(3.0) |
490 |
(3.1) |
541 |
(3.4) |
570 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
397 |
(1.7) |
76 |
(1.4) |
284 |
(2.6) |
307 |
(2.1) |
346 |
(1.9) |
391 |
(1.8) |
442 |
(2.4) |
498 |
(3.4) |
533 |
(4.8) |
|
|
Kosovo |
365 |
(1.2) |
65 |
(0.8) |
265 |
(2.6) |
285 |
(2.5) |
320 |
(1.5) |
361 |
(1.6) |
406 |
(1.7) |
450 |
(2.6) |
478 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Lebanon |
384 |
(3.5) |
95 |
(1.6) |
237 |
(4.0) |
265 |
(3.6) |
315 |
(3.7) |
377 |
(4.3) |
449 |
(4.8) |
513 |
(4.9) |
549 |
(4.9) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
544 |
(1.5) |
83 |
(1.0) |
402 |
(4.3) |
434 |
(3.0) |
489 |
(2.6) |
547 |
(1.8) |
601 |
(1.9) |
648 |
(2.2) |
674 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Malaysia |
438 |
(2.7) |
77 |
(1.5) |
313 |
(3.6) |
339 |
(2.9) |
384 |
(2.7) |
436 |
(2.8) |
490 |
(3.4) |
538 |
(4.3) |
565 |
(5.2) |
|
|
Malta |
457 |
(1.9) |
107 |
(1.2) |
278 |
(4.8) |
314 |
(3.5) |
380 |
(2.9) |
460 |
(2.5) |
534 |
(2.9) |
594 |
(3.3) |
628 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Moldova |
428 |
(2.3) |
89 |
(1.4) |
285 |
(3.8) |
314 |
(2.9) |
365 |
(2.5) |
427 |
(2.7) |
492 |
(3.2) |
546 |
(3.7) |
575 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Montenegro |
415 |
(1.3) |
81 |
(1.0) |
285 |
(2.7) |
311 |
(2.2) |
358 |
(1.6) |
413 |
(1.5) |
470 |
(2.0) |
523 |
(2.2) |
554 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Morocco |
377 |
(3.0) |
67 |
(1.2) |
275 |
(2.9) |
293 |
(2.7) |
328 |
(2.8) |
372 |
(3.7) |
422 |
(4.0) |
468 |
(3.9) |
493 |
(3.8) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
413 |
(1.4) |
92 |
(1.2) |
265 |
(3.2) |
296 |
(2.5) |
349 |
(2.0) |
411 |
(2.0) |
476 |
(2.4) |
533 |
(3.1) |
566 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Panama |
365 |
(2.9) |
85 |
(1.9) |
230 |
(4.8) |
259 |
(3.8) |
305 |
(3.2) |
361 |
(2.8) |
420 |
(4.1) |
478 |
(5.7) |
514 |
(6.1) |
|
|
Peru |
404 |
(2.7) |
80 |
(1.5) |
280 |
(3.9) |
304 |
(3.0) |
347 |
(2.6) |
400 |
(2.9) |
458 |
(3.6) |
511 |
(4.4) |
543 |
(5.3) |
|
|
Philippines |
357 |
(3.2) |
75 |
(2.3) |
250 |
(3.3) |
269 |
(3.1) |
304 |
(2.6) |
347 |
(3.1) |
401 |
(4.5) |
461 |
(6.6) |
500 |
(8.3) |
|
|
Qatar |
419 |
(0.9) |
103 |
(0.9) |
259 |
(2.6) |
290 |
(1.5) |
345 |
(1.4) |
414 |
(1.4) |
490 |
(1.5) |
557 |
(2.1) |
596 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Romania |
426 |
(4.6) |
90 |
(1.8) |
282 |
(5.5) |
312 |
(4.7) |
362 |
(4.6) |
424 |
(5.4) |
488 |
(5.5) |
545 |
(5.8) |
577 |
(6.2) |
|
|
Russia |
478 |
(2.9) |
84 |
(1.7) |
339 |
(4.7) |
369 |
(4.1) |
420 |
(3.6) |
478 |
(3.2) |
536 |
(3.2) |
586 |
(3.7) |
616 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
386 |
(2.8) |
79 |
(1.4) |
261 |
(4.4) |
287 |
(3.2) |
331 |
(3.3) |
384 |
(3.2) |
440 |
(3.4) |
489 |
(3.6) |
519 |
(4.3) |
|
|
Serbia |
440 |
(3.0) |
92 |
(1.3) |
293 |
(3.8) |
322 |
(3.9) |
375 |
(3.8) |
438 |
(3.9) |
504 |
(3.6) |
562 |
(4.0) |
593 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Singapore |
551 |
(1.5) |
97 |
(1.0) |
376 |
(3.5) |
416 |
(3.2) |
487 |
(2.7) |
560 |
(2.1) |
621 |
(1.6) |
670 |
(1.8) |
698 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
516 |
(2.9) |
99 |
(1.5) |
346 |
(4.3) |
382 |
(3.9) |
449 |
(3.7) |
521 |
(3.2) |
587 |
(3.7) |
641 |
(4.0) |
670 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Thailand |
426 |
(3.2) |
82 |
(1.6) |
299 |
(3.7) |
324 |
(3.2) |
367 |
(3.0) |
421 |
(3.5) |
481 |
(4.4) |
535 |
(5.2) |
567 |
(5.8) |
|
|
Ukraine |
469 |
(3.3) |
91 |
(1.8) |
319 |
(5.0) |
351 |
(4.4) |
406 |
(3.8) |
469 |
(3.8) |
532 |
(3.7) |
588 |
(4.5) |
619 |
(5.5) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
434 |
(2.0) |
103 |
(0.8) |
272 |
(2.4) |
302 |
(2.1) |
358 |
(2.2) |
430 |
(2.6) |
506 |
(2.8) |
572 |
(3.0) |
609 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Uruguay |
426 |
(2.5) |
87 |
(1.4) |
287 |
(3.2) |
314 |
(3.1) |
364 |
(2.9) |
423 |
(3.2) |
486 |
(3.6) |
540 |
(3.9) |
573 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Viet Nam** |
543 |
(3.3) |
77 |
(1.7) |
418 |
(4.5) |
445 |
(3.9) |
492 |
(3.9) |
543 |
(3.5) |
595 |
(3.9) |
642 |
(4.0) |
669 |
(5.0) |
|
|
← * Data did not meet the PISA technical standards but were accepted as largely comparable (see Annexes A2 and A4). |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
← ** The data for Viet Nam have not yet been fully validated. Due to a lack of consistency in the response pattern of some performance data, the OECD cannot yet assure full international comparability of the results (see Annexes A2 and A4). |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Table I.B1.7. Percentage of low achievers and top performers in reading, 2009 through 2018
|
|||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Proficiency level in PISA 2009 |
Proficiency level in PISA 2012 |
Proficiency level in PISA 2015 |
Proficiency level in PISA 2018 |
||||||||||||||
|
Below Level 2 (less than 407.47 score points) |
Level 5 or above (at or above 625.61 score points) |
Below Level 2 (less than 407.47 score points) |
Level 5 or above (at or above 625.61 score points) |
Below Level 2 (less than 407.47 score points) |
Level 5 or above (at or above 625.61 score points) |
Below Level 2 (less than 407.47 score points) |
Level 5 or above (at or above 625.61 score points) |
||||||||||
|
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
||
|
OECD |
Australia |
14.2 |
(0.6) |
12.8 |
(0.8) |
14.2 |
(0.5) |
11.7 |
(0.5) |
18.1 |
(0.5) |
11.0 |
(0.5) |
19.6 |
(0.5) |
13.0 |
(0.5) |
|
Austria |
m |
m |
m |
m |
19.5 |
(1.1) |
5.5 |
(0.6) |
22.5 |
(1.0) |
7.2 |
(0.6) |
23.6 |
(1.0) |
7.4 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Belgium |
17.7 |
(0.9) |
11.2 |
(0.6) |
16.1 |
(0.8) |
11.8 |
(0.6) |
19.5 |
(0.9) |
9.3 |
(0.6) |
21.3 |
(0.9) |
9.5 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Canada |
10.3 |
(0.5) |
12.8 |
(0.5) |
10.9 |
(0.5) |
12.9 |
(0.6) |
10.7 |
(0.6) |
14.0 |
(0.7) |
13.8 |
(0.5) |
15.0 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Chile |
30.6 |
(1.5) |
1.3 |
(0.3) |
33.0 |
(1.7) |
0.6 |
(0.1) |
28.4 |
(1.2) |
2.3 |
(0.3) |
31.7 |
(1.2) |
2.6 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Colombia |
47.1 |
(1.9) |
0.6 |
(0.2) |
51.4 |
(1.8) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
42.8 |
(1.5) |
1.0 |
(0.2) |
49.9 |
(1.7) |
0.9 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
23.1 |
(1.3) |
5.1 |
(0.5) |
16.9 |
(1.2) |
6.1 |
(0.5) |
22.0 |
(1.1) |
7.9 |
(0.6) |
20.7 |
(1.1) |
8.2 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Denmark |
15.2 |
(0.9) |
4.7 |
(0.5) |
14.6 |
(1.1) |
5.4 |
(0.6) |
15.0 |
(0.8) |
6.5 |
(0.6) |
16.0 |
(0.7) |
8.4 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Estonia |
13.3 |
(1.0) |
6.1 |
(0.6) |
9.1 |
(0.6) |
8.3 |
(0.7) |
10.6 |
(0.7) |
11.0 |
(0.7) |
11.1 |
(0.6) |
13.9 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Finland |
8.1 |
(0.5) |
14.5 |
(0.8) |
11.3 |
(0.7) |
13.5 |
(0.6) |
11.1 |
(0.8) |
13.7 |
(0.7) |
13.5 |
(0.7) |
14.2 |
(0.7) |
|
|
France |
19.8 |
(1.2) |
9.6 |
(1.0) |
18.9 |
(1.0) |
12.9 |
(0.8) |
21.5 |
(0.9) |
12.5 |
(0.7) |
20.9 |
(0.7) |
9.2 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Germany |
18.5 |
(1.1) |
7.6 |
(0.6) |
14.5 |
(0.9) |
8.9 |
(0.7) |
16.2 |
(0.9) |
11.7 |
(0.7) |
20.7 |
(1.1) |
11.3 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Greece |
21.3 |
(1.8) |
5.6 |
(0.5) |
22.6 |
(1.2) |
5.1 |
(0.6) |
27.3 |
(1.8) |
4.0 |
(0.5) |
30.5 |
(1.5) |
3.7 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Hungary |
17.6 |
(1.4) |
6.1 |
(0.7) |
19.7 |
(1.2) |
5.6 |
(0.8) |
27.5 |
(1.1) |
4.3 |
(0.4) |
25.3 |
(0.9) |
5.7 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Iceland |
16.8 |
(0.6) |
8.5 |
(0.6) |
21.0 |
(0.7) |
5.8 |
(0.5) |
22.1 |
(1.0) |
6.6 |
(0.6) |
26.4 |
(0.9) |
7.1 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Ireland |
17.2 |
(1.0) |
7.0 |
(0.5) |
9.6 |
(0.9) |
11.4 |
(0.7) |
10.2 |
(0.8) |
10.7 |
(0.7) |
11.8 |
(0.7) |
12.1 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Israel |
26.5 |
(1.2) |
7.4 |
(0.6) |
23.6 |
(1.6) |
9.6 |
(0.8) |
26.6 |
(1.3) |
9.2 |
(0.7) |
31.1 |
(1.3) |
10.4 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Italy |
21.0 |
(0.6) |
5.8 |
(0.3) |
19.5 |
(0.7) |
6.7 |
(0.3) |
21.0 |
(1.0) |
5.7 |
(0.5) |
23.3 |
(1.0) |
5.3 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Japan |
13.6 |
(1.1) |
13.4 |
(0.9) |
9.8 |
(0.9) |
18.5 |
(1.3) |
12.9 |
(1.0) |
10.8 |
(0.9) |
16.8 |
(1.0) |
10.3 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Korea |
5.8 |
(0.8) |
12.9 |
(1.1) |
7.6 |
(0.9) |
14.1 |
(1.2) |
13.7 |
(1.0) |
12.7 |
(1.0) |
15.1 |
(0.9) |
13.1 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Latvia |
17.6 |
(1.2) |
2.9 |
(0.4) |
17.0 |
(1.1) |
4.2 |
(0.6) |
17.7 |
(0.9) |
4.3 |
(0.5) |
22.4 |
(0.7) |
4.8 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Lithuania |
24.4 |
(1.2) |
2.9 |
(0.4) |
21.2 |
(1.2) |
3.3 |
(0.4) |
25.1 |
(0.9) |
4.4 |
(0.5) |
24.4 |
(0.8) |
5.0 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
26.0 |
(0.6) |
5.7 |
(0.5) |
22.2 |
(0.7) |
8.9 |
(0.4) |
25.6 |
(0.6) |
8.1 |
(0.4) |
29.3 |
(0.6) |
7.6 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Mexico |
40.1 |
(1.0) |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
41.1 |
(0.9) |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
41.7 |
(1.3) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
44.7 |
(1.3) |
0.8 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Netherlands* |
14.3 |
(1.5) |
9.8 |
(1.1) |
14.0 |
(1.2) |
9.8 |
(0.8) |
18.1 |
(1.0) |
10.9 |
(0.6) |
24.1 |
(1.0) |
9.1 |
(0.6) |
|
|
New Zealand |
14.3 |
(0.7) |
15.7 |
(0.8) |
16.3 |
(0.8) |
14.0 |
(0.8) |
17.3 |
(0.8) |
13.6 |
(0.9) |
19.0 |
(0.8) |
13.1 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Norway |
15.0 |
(0.8) |
8.4 |
(0.9) |
16.2 |
(1.0) |
10.2 |
(0.7) |
14.9 |
(0.8) |
12.2 |
(0.7) |
19.3 |
(0.8) |
11.3 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Poland |
15.0 |
(0.8) |
7.2 |
(0.6) |
10.6 |
(0.8) |
10.0 |
(0.9) |
14.4 |
(0.8) |
8.2 |
(0.7) |
14.7 |
(0.8) |
12.2 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Portugal* |
17.6 |
(1.2) |
4.8 |
(0.5) |
18.8 |
(1.4) |
5.8 |
(0.6) |
17.2 |
(0.9) |
7.5 |
(0.6) |
20.2 |
(0.9) |
7.3 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
22.2 |
(1.2) |
4.5 |
(0.5) |
28.2 |
(1.8) |
4.4 |
(0.7) |
32.1 |
(1.1) |
3.5 |
(0.4) |
31.4 |
(1.0) |
4.6 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Slovenia |
21.2 |
(0.6) |
4.6 |
(0.5) |
21.1 |
(0.7) |
5.0 |
(0.4) |
15.1 |
(0.6) |
8.9 |
(0.7) |
17.9 |
(0.7) |
7.8 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Spain |
19.6 |
(0.9) |
3.3 |
(0.3) |
18.3 |
(0.8) |
5.5 |
(0.3) |
16.2 |
(0.9) |
5.5 |
(0.5) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
|
|
Sweden |
17.4 |
(0.9) |
9.0 |
(0.7) |
22.7 |
(1.2) |
7.9 |
(0.6) |
18.4 |
(1.1) |
10.0 |
(0.8) |
18.4 |
(1.0) |
13.3 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Switzerland |
16.8 |
(0.9) |
8.1 |
(0.7) |
13.7 |
(0.8) |
9.1 |
(0.7) |
20.0 |
(1.1) |
7.8 |
(0.6) |
23.6 |
(1.1) |
8.1 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Turkey |
24.5 |
(1.4) |
1.9 |
(0.4) |
21.6 |
(1.4) |
4.3 |
(0.9) |
40.0 |
(2.0) |
0.6 |
(0.2) |
26.1 |
(1.0) |
3.3 |
(0.5) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
18.4 |
(0.8) |
8.0 |
(0.5) |
16.6 |
(1.3) |
8.8 |
(0.7) |
17.9 |
(0.9) |
9.2 |
(0.6) |
17.3 |
(0.9) |
11.5 |
(0.8) |
|
|
United States* |
17.6 |
(1.1) |
9.9 |
(0.9) |
16.6 |
(1.3) |
7.9 |
(0.7) |
19.0 |
(1.1) |
9.6 |
(0.7) |
19.3 |
(1.1) |
13.5 |
(0.9) |
|
|
OECD average-35a |
19.4 |
(0.2) |
7.3 |
(0.1) |
18.9 |
(0.2) |
8.1 |
(0.1) |
20.9 |
(0.2) |
8.1 |
(0.1) |
22.6 |
(0.2) |
8.8 |
(0.1) |
|
|
OECD average-36a |
m |
m |
m |
m |
18.9 |
(0.2) |
8.0 |
(0.1) |
21.0 |
(0.2) |
8.1 |
(0.1) |
22.6 |
(0.2) |
8.7 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Proficiency level in PISA 2009 |
Proficiency level in PISA 2012 |
Proficiency level in PISA 2015 |
Proficiency level in PISA 2018 |
||||||||||||||
|
Below Level 2 (less than 407.47 score points) |
Level 5 or above (at or above 625.61 score points) |
Below Level 2 (less than 407.47 score points) |
Level 5 or above (at or above 625.61 score points) |
Below Level 2 (less than 407.47 score points) |
Level 5 or above (at or above 625.61 score points) |
Below Level 2 (less than 407.47 score points) |
Level 5 or above (at or above 625.61 score points) |
||||||||||
|
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
||
|
Partners |
Albania |
56.7 |
(1.9) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
52.3 |
(1.3) |
1.2 |
(0.2) |
50.3 |
(1.9) |
1.0 |
(0.2) |
52.2 |
(1.1) |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
|
Argentina |
51.6 |
(1.9) |
1.0 |
(0.2) |
53.6 |
(1.7) |
0.5 |
(0.1) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
52.1 |
(1.3) |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
60.4 |
(1.3) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Belarus |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
23.4 |
(1.0) |
3.9 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
53.7 |
(1.6) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Brazil |
49.6 |
(1.3) |
1.3 |
(0.2) |
50.8 |
(1.1) |
0.5 |
(0.1) |
51.0 |
(1.1) |
1.4 |
(0.2) |
50.0 |
(0.9) |
1.8 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
51.8 |
(0.6) |
1.3 |
(0.2) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
5.2 |
(0.6) |
21.7 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
41.0 |
(2.6) |
2.8 |
(0.5) |
39.4 |
(2.2) |
4.3 |
(0.6) |
41.5 |
(2.0) |
3.6 |
(0.5) |
47.1 |
(1.7) |
2.3 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
32.6 |
(1.5) |
0.8 |
(0.3) |
32.4 |
(1.8) |
0.6 |
(0.2) |
40.3 |
(1.4) |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
42.0 |
(1.6) |
0.6 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Croatia |
22.4 |
(1.3) |
3.2 |
(0.4) |
18.7 |
(1.3) |
4.4 |
(0.7) |
19.9 |
(1.1) |
5.9 |
(0.5) |
21.6 |
(1.2) |
4.7 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Cyprus |
m |
m |
m |
m |
32.8 |
(0.7) |
4.0 |
(0.3) |
35.6 |
(0.9) |
3.1 |
(0.3) |
43.7 |
(0.7) |
1.8 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
72.1 |
(1.5) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
79.1 |
(1.3) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Georgia |
62.0 |
(1.3) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
51.7 |
(1.3) |
1.1 |
(0.2) |
64.4 |
(1.1) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China)* |
8.3 |
(0.7) |
12.4 |
(0.8) |
6.8 |
(0.7) |
16.8 |
(1.2) |
9.3 |
(0.8) |
11.6 |
(0.9) |
12.6 |
(0.8) |
14.8 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Indonesia |
53.4 |
(2.3) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
55.2 |
(2.2) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
55.4 |
(1.5) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
69.9 |
(1.4) |
0.1 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Jordan |
48.0 |
(1.6) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
50.7 |
(1.6) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
46.3 |
(1.4) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
41.2 |
(1.4) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
58.7 |
(1.5) |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
57.1 |
(1.6) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
64.2 |
(0.7) |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Kosovo |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
76.9 |
(0.9) |
0.0 |
c |
78.7 |
(0.6) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Lebanon |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
70.4 |
(1.6) |
0.8 |
(0.3) |
67.8 |
(1.5) |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
14.9 |
(0.5) |
2.9 |
(0.2) |
11.5 |
(0.4) |
7.0 |
(0.4) |
11.7 |
(0.5) |
6.7 |
(0.5) |
10.8 |
(0.5) |
13.8 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Malaysia |
44.0 |
(1.6) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
52.7 |
(1.7) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
45.8 |
(1.4) |
0.5 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Malta |
36.3 |
(0.7) |
4.4 |
(0.4) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
35.6 |
(0.8) |
5.6 |
(0.4) |
35.9 |
(0.8) |
5.3 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Moldova |
57.2 |
(1.5) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
45.8 |
(1.1) |
1.2 |
(0.2) |
43.0 |
(1.1) |
1.0 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Montenegro |
49.5 |
(1.0) |
0.6 |
(0.2) |
43.3 |
(0.7) |
1.0 |
(0.2) |
41.9 |
(0.7) |
1.4 |
(0.3) |
44.4 |
(0.7) |
0.8 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Morocco |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
73.3 |
(1.6) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
70.7 |
(0.7) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
55.1 |
(0.7) |
0.3 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Panama |
65.3 |
(2.6) |
0.5 |
(0.2) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
64.3 |
(1.4) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Peru |
64.8 |
(1.7) |
0.5 |
(0.2) |
59.9 |
(2.0) |
0.5 |
(0.2) |
53.9 |
(1.5) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
54.3 |
(1.3) |
0.8 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Philippines |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
80.6 |
(1.4) |
0.1 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Qatar |
63.5 |
(0.5) |
1.7 |
(0.2) |
57.1 |
(0.4) |
1.6 |
(0.1) |
51.6 |
(0.5) |
1.6 |
(0.2) |
50.9 |
(0.4) |
2.6 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Romania |
40.4 |
(2.0) |
0.7 |
(0.2) |
37.3 |
(1.9) |
1.6 |
(0.4) |
38.7 |
(1.9) |
2.0 |
(0.4) |
40.8 |
(2.2) |
1.4 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Russia |
27.4 |
(1.3) |
3.2 |
(0.5) |
22.3 |
(1.3) |
4.6 |
(0.6) |
16.2 |
(1.2) |
6.7 |
(0.6) |
22.1 |
(1.2) |
5.4 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
52.4 |
(1.5) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Serbia |
32.8 |
(1.3) |
0.8 |
(0.2) |
33.1 |
(1.7) |
2.2 |
(0.4) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
37.7 |
(1.5) |
2.5 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Singapore |
12.5 |
(0.5) |
15.7 |
(0.5) |
9.9 |
(0.4) |
21.2 |
(0.6) |
11.1 |
(0.5) |
18.4 |
(0.7) |
11.2 |
(0.5) |
25.8 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
15.6 |
(0.9) |
5.2 |
(0.8) |
11.5 |
(0.9) |
11.8 |
(0.8) |
17.2 |
(0.8) |
6.9 |
(0.8) |
17.8 |
(0.8) |
10.9 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Thailand |
42.9 |
(1.5) |
0.3 |
(0.2) |
33.0 |
(1.4) |
0.8 |
(0.2) |
50.0 |
(1.8) |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
59.5 |
(1.7) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
25.9 |
(1.4) |
3.4 |
(0.5) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
39.8 |
(1.2) |
2.3 |
(0.3) |
35.5 |
(1.1) |
2.2 |
(0.3) |
40.4 |
(1.2) |
3.0 |
(0.3) |
42.9 |
(0.8) |
4.8 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Uruguay |
41.9 |
(1.2) |
1.8 |
(0.3) |
47.0 |
(1.4) |
0.9 |
(0.3) |
39.0 |
(1.1) |
2.5 |
(0.4) |
41.9 |
(1.3) |
1.5 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Viet Nam** |
m |
m |
m |
m |
9.4 |
(1.4) |
4.5 |
(0.8) |
13.8 |
(1.4) |
2.7 |
(0.7) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
|
|
Change between 2009 and 2018 (PISA 2018 - PISA 2009) |
Change between 2012 and 2018 (PISA 2018 - PISA 2012) |
Change between 2015 and 2018 (PISA 2018 - PISA 2015) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Below Level 2 (less than 407.47 score points) |
Level 5 or above (at or above 625.61 score points) |
Below Level 2 (less than 407.47 score points) |
Level 5 or above (at or above 625.61 score points) |
Below Level 2 (less than 407.47 score points) |
Level 5 or above (at or above 625.61 score points) |
||||||||||||
|
% dif. |
S.E. |
% dif. |
S.E. |
% dif. |
S.E. |
% dif. |
S.E. |
% dif. |
S.E. |
% dif. |
S.E. |
||||||
|
OECD |
Australia |
5.4 |
(1.1) |
0.3 |
(1.1) |
5.4 |
(1.1) |
1.3 |
(1.1) |
1.6 |
(1.2) |
2.0 |
(1.1) |
||||
|
Austria |
m |
m |
m |
m |
4.1 |
(1.7) |
1.9 |
(0.9) |
1.1 |
(1.8) |
0.2 |
(0.9) |
|||||
|
Belgium |
3.5 |
(1.6) |
- 1.6 |
(0.9) |
5.2 |
(1.6) |
- 2.2 |
(1.0) |
1.7 |
(1.7) |
0.2 |
(1.0) |
|||||
|
Canada |
3.5 |
(0.9) |
2.2 |
(1.2) |
2.9 |
(0.9) |
2.1 |
(1.4) |
3.1 |
(1.1) |
1.0 |
(1.6) |
|||||
|
Chile |
1.2 |
(2.7) |
1.3 |
(0.4) |
- 1.3 |
(2.9) |
2.0 |
(0.3) |
3.3 |
(2.9) |
0.3 |
(0.4) |
|||||
|
Colombia |
2.8 |
(3.4) |
0.4 |
(0.2) |
- 1.5 |
(3.5) |
0.6 |
(0.2) |
7.1 |
(3.6) |
0.0 |
(0.2) |
|||||
|
Czech Republic |
- 2.3 |
(2.0) |
3.1 |
(0.8) |
3.9 |
(2.0) |
2.2 |
(0.9) |
- 1.3 |
(2.0) |
0.4 |
(0.9) |
|||||
|
Denmark |
0.8 |
(1.4) |
3.7 |
(0.9) |
1.4 |
(1.6) |
3.0 |
(1.1) |
1.0 |
(1.5) |
1.9 |
(1.1) |
|||||
|
Estonia |
- 2.3 |
(1.3) |
7.8 |
(1.2) |
1.9 |
(1.1) |
5.5 |
(1.3) |
0.4 |
(1.1) |
2.8 |
(1.4) |
|||||
|
Finland |
5.4 |
(1.0) |
- 0.3 |
(1.5) |
2.2 |
(1.1) |
0.7 |
(1.6) |
2.5 |
(1.1) |
0.5 |
(1.7) |
|||||
|
France |
1.2 |
(1.6) |
- 0.4 |
(1.3) |
2.0 |
(1.5) |
- 3.7 |
(1.3) |
- 0.5 |
(1.5) |
- 3.3 |
(1.2) |
|||||
|
Germany |
2.2 |
(1.7) |
3.7 |
(1.1) |
6.2 |
(1.6) |
2.4 |
(1.2) |
4.5 |
(1.7) |
- 0.4 |
(1.3) |
|||||
|
Greece |
9.2 |
(2.8) |
- 2.0 |
(0.7) |
7.9 |
(2.6) |
- 1.5 |
(0.8) |
3.2 |
(3.0) |
- 0.4 |
(0.7) |
|||||
|
Hungary |
7.7 |
(2.1) |
- 0.4 |
(0.9) |
5.6 |
(2.1) |
0.1 |
(1.0) |
- 2.2 |
(2.1) |
1.4 |
(0.8) |
|||||
|
Iceland |
9.5 |
(1.6) |
- 1.4 |
(0.9) |
5.4 |
(1.7) |
1.3 |
(0.8) |
4.3 |
(2.0) |
0.5 |
(0.9) |
|||||
|
Ireland |
- 5.4 |
(1.4) |
5.1 |
(1.3) |
2.2 |
(1.3) |
0.7 |
(1.4) |
1.6 |
(1.3) |
1.4 |
(1.5) |
|||||
|
Israel |
4.5 |
(1.9) |
3.0 |
(1.0) |
7.5 |
(2.3) |
0.8 |
(1.2) |
4.5 |
(2.0) |
1.2 |
(1.1) |
|||||
|
Italy |
2.2 |
(1.7) |
- 0.5 |
(0.7) |
3.8 |
(1.9) |
- 1.3 |
(0.7) |
2.3 |
(2.2) |
- 0.3 |
(0.8) |
|||||
|
Japan |
3.2 |
(1.7) |
- 3.2 |
(1.2) |
7.0 |
(1.6) |
- 8.2 |
(1.6) |
3.9 |
(1.7) |
- 0.5 |
(1.3) |
|||||
|
Korea |
9.3 |
(1.3) |
0.2 |
(1.6) |
7.5 |
(1.4) |
- 1.0 |
(1.7) |
1.5 |
(1.5) |
0.5 |
(1.6) |
|||||
|
Latvia |
4.9 |
(2.0) |
1.9 |
(0.7) |
5.5 |
(2.1) |
0.7 |
(0.8) |
4.8 |
(2.1) |
0.5 |
(0.7) |
|||||
|
Lithuania |
0.0 |
(1.8) |
2.1 |
(0.6) |
3.2 |
(1.9) |
1.7 |
(0.6) |
- 0.7 |
(1.8) |
0.5 |
(0.7) |
|||||
|
Luxembourg |
3.3 |
(1.3) |
1.9 |
(0.7) |
7.1 |
(1.4) |
- 1.3 |
(0.7) |
3.6 |
(1.5) |
- 0.5 |
(0.8) |
|||||
|
Mexico |
4.6 |
(3.6) |
0.4 |
(0.2) |
3.6 |
(3.9) |
0.4 |
(0.2) |
2.9 |
(4.3) |
0.5 |
(0.2) |
|||||
|
Netherlands* |
9.8 |
(2.2) |
- 0.7 |
(1.3) |
10.1 |
(2.1) |
- 0.7 |
(1.2) |
6.0 |
(2.1) |
- 1.8 |
(1.1) |
|||||
|
New Zealand |
4.6 |
(1.4) |
- 2.6 |
(1.4) |
2.7 |
(1.5) |
- 0.9 |
(1.4) |
1.7 |
(1.6) |
- 0.5 |
(1.6) |
|||||
|
Norway |
4.3 |
(1.3) |
2.9 |
(1.2) |
3.1 |
(1.5) |
1.1 |
(1.1) |
4.4 |
(1.4) |
- 0.9 |
(1.1) |
|||||
|
Poland |
- 0.4 |
(1.4) |
5.0 |
(1.3) |
4.1 |
(1.4) |
2.2 |
(1.6) |
0.3 |
(1.5) |
4.0 |
(1.5) |
|||||
|
Portugal* |
2.6 |
(1.8) |
2.5 |
(0.9) |
1.4 |
(2.0) |
1.5 |
(1.0) |
3.0 |
(1.8) |
- 0.2 |
(1.0) |
|||||
|
Slovak Republic |
9.2 |
(2.3) |
0.2 |
(0.7) |
3.2 |
(2.8) |
0.3 |
(0.8) |
- 0.7 |
(2.6) |
1.2 |
(0.6) |
|||||
|
Slovenia |
- 3.3 |
(1.2) |
3.2 |
(0.8) |
- 3.3 |
(1.3) |
2.7 |
(0.8) |
2.7 |
(1.3) |
- 1.2 |
(0.9) |
|||||
|
Spain |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
|||||
|
Sweden |
1.0 |
(1.5) |
4.2 |
(1.4) |
- 4.3 |
(1.7) |
5.4 |
(1.5) |
0.0 |
(1.7) |
3.3 |
(1.7) |
|||||
|
Switzerland |
6.8 |
(1.6) |
0.0 |
(1.1) |
9.9 |
(1.7) |
- 1.0 |
(1.1) |
3.7 |
(1.9) |
0.3 |
(1.1) |
|||||
|
Turkey |
1.6 |
(2.6) |
1.5 |
(0.6) |
4.5 |
(2.8) |
- 1.0 |
(1.0) |
- 13.8 |
(3.3) |
2.7 |
(0.6) |
|||||
|
United Kingdom |
- 1.1 |
(1.5) |
3.4 |
(1.0) |
0.7 |
(1.9) |
2.7 |
(1.2) |
- 0.6 |
(1.7) |
2.3 |
(1.2) |
|||||
|
United States* |
1.6 |
(1.7) |
3.7 |
(1.5) |
2.7 |
(1.8) |
5.6 |
(1.4) |
0.3 |
(1.8) |
4.0 |
(1.5) |
|||||
|
OECD average-35a |
3.2 |
(1.0) |
1.4 |
(0.5) |
3.7 |
(1.2) |
0.7 |
(0.6) |
1.7 |
(1.3) |
0.7 |
(0.6) |
|||||
|
OECD average-36a |
m |
m |
m |
m |
3.7 |
(1.1) |
0.7 |
(0.6) |
1.7 |
(1.3) |
0.6 |
(0.5) |
|||||
|
Change between 2009 and 2018 (PISA 2018 - PISA 2009) |
Change between 2012 and 2018 (PISA 2018 - PISA 2012) |
Change between 2015 and 2018 (PISA 2018 - PISA 2015) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Below Level 2 (less than 407.47 score points) |
Level 5 or above (at or above 625.61 score points) |
Below Level 2 (less than 407.47 score points) |
Level 5 or above (at or above 625.61 score points) |
Below Level 2 (less than 407.47 score points) |
Level 5 or above (at or above 625.61 score points) |
||||||||||||
|
% dif. |
S.E. |
% dif. |
S.E. |
% dif. |
S.E. |
% dif. |
S.E. |
% dif. |
S.E. |
% dif. |
S.E. |
||||||
|
Partners |
Albania |
- 4.4 |
(4.0) |
0.2 |
(0.2) |
- 0.1 |
(4.2) |
- 0.8 |
(0.3) |
2.0 |
(4.8) |
- 0.6 |
(0.3) |
||||
|
Argentina |
0.5 |
(3.2) |
- 0.3 |
(0.3) |
- 1.4 |
(3.3) |
0.2 |
(0.2) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
|||||
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
|||||
|
Belarus |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
|||||
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
|||||
|
Brazil |
0.4 |
(2.4) |
0.5 |
(0.3) |
- 0.8 |
(2.5) |
1.3 |
(0.3) |
- 1.0 |
(2.6) |
0.4 |
(0.3) |
|||||
|
Brunei Darussalam |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
|||||
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
|||||
|
Bulgaria |
6.1 |
(3.5) |
- 0.4 |
(0.6) |
7.7 |
(3.4) |
- 2.0 |
(0.7) |
5.6 |
(3.3) |
- 1.2 |
(0.6) |
|||||
|
Costa Rica |
9.3 |
(3.8) |
- 0.2 |
(0.3) |
9.6 |
(4.2) |
0.1 |
(0.3) |
1.7 |
(4.4) |
0.0 |
(0.2) |
|||||
|
Croatia |
- 0.9 |
(2.1) |
1.5 |
(0.7) |
2.9 |
(2.2) |
0.3 |
(0.9) |
1.7 |
(2.2) |
- 1.2 |
(0.8) |
|||||
|
Cyprus |
m |
m |
m |
m |
10.9 |
(2.2) |
- 2.2 |
(0.4) |
8.1 |
(2.5) |
- 1.3 |
(0.4) |
|||||
|
Dominican Republic |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
6.9 |
(2.4) |
0.0 |
(0.1) |
|||||
|
Georgia |
2.4 |
(2.9) |
- 0.1 |
(0.1) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
12.7 |
(3.4) |
- 0.9 |
(0.3) |
|||||
|
Hong Kong (China)* |
4.3 |
(1.1) |
2.4 |
(1.4) |
5.8 |
(1.1) |
- 2.0 |
(1.7) |
3.3 |
(1.1) |
3.3 |
(1.6) |
|||||
|
Indonesia |
16.5 |
(3.7) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
14.7 |
(3.9) |
0.0 |
(0.1) |
14.5 |
(3.8) |
- 0.1 |
(0.1) |
|||||
|
Jordan |
- 6.8 |
(3.8) |
0.0 |
(0.1) |
- 9.5 |
(4.1) |
0.1 |
(0.2) |
- 5.1 |
(4.3) |
0.0 |
(0.1) |
|||||
|
Kazakhstan |
5.5 |
(3.5) |
0.0 |
(0.1) |
7.1 |
(3.9) |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
|||||
|
Kosovo |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
1.9 |
(2.9) |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|||||
|
Lebanon |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
- 2.6 |
(2.5) |
- 0.1 |
(0.3) |
|||||
|
Macao (China) |
- 4.1 |
(0.9) |
10.9 |
(1.0) |
- 0.7 |
(0.9) |
6.8 |
(1.1) |
- 0.9 |
(0.9) |
7.1 |
(1.3) |
|||||
|
Malaysia |
1.9 |
(3.7) |
0.4 |
(0.2) |
- 6.9 |
(4.0) |
0.4 |
(0.2) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
|||||
|
Malta |
- 0.4 |
(1.6) |
0.9 |
(0.6) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
0.3 |
(1.9) |
- 0.3 |
(0.7) |
|||||
|
Moldova |
- 14.2 |
(2.9) |
0.9 |
(0.3) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
- 2.8 |
(3.2) |
- 0.2 |
(0.4) |
|||||
|
Montenegro |
- 5.1 |
(2.9) |
0.2 |
(0.3) |
1.1 |
(3.2) |
- 0.2 |
(0.3) |
2.5 |
(3.5) |
- 0.6 |
(0.4) |
|||||
|
Morocco |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
|||||
|
North Macedonia |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
- 15.5 |
(2.9) |
0.2 |
(0.2) |
|||||
|
Panama |
- 0.9 |
(3.7) |
- 0.3 |
(0.2) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
|||||
|
Peru |
- 10.5 |
(2.9) |
0.3 |
(0.3) |
- 5.6 |
(3.2) |
0.3 |
(0.3) |
0.4 |
(3.2) |
0.5 |
(0.2) |
|||||
|
Philippines |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
|||||
|
Qatar |
- 12.6 |
(1.7) |
0.9 |
(0.2) |
- 6.3 |
(1.9) |
1.0 |
(0.2) |
- 0.7 |
(2.1) |
1.1 |
(0.2) |
|||||
|
Romania |
0.4 |
(3.5) |
0.7 |
(0.4) |
3.6 |
(3.5) |
- 0.2 |
(0.5) |
2.1 |
(3.7) |
- 0.6 |
(0.5) |
|||||
|
Russia |
- 5.3 |
(2.2) |
2.3 |
(0.7) |
- 0.2 |
(2.3) |
0.8 |
(0.8) |
5.9 |
(2.3) |
- 1.2 |
(0.8) |
|||||
|
Saudi Arabia |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
|||||
|
Serbia |
4.9 |
(2.7) |
1.7 |
(0.4) |
4.6 |
(3.0) |
0.3 |
(0.5) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
|||||
|
Singapore |
- 1.2 |
(0.7) |
10.1 |
(1.8) |
1.4 |
(0.7) |
4.6 |
(2.0) |
0.1 |
(0.8) |
7.5 |
(2.2) |
|||||
|
Chinese Taipei |
2.2 |
(1.4) |
5.7 |
(1.3) |
6.3 |
(1.5) |
- 0.9 |
(1.4) |
0.6 |
(1.5) |
4.0 |
(1.4) |
|||||
|
Thailand |
16.7 |
(3.7) |
- 0.1 |
(0.2) |
26.6 |
(3.9) |
- 0.6 |
(0.2) |
9.6 |
(4.4) |
- 0.1 |
(0.1) |
|||||
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
|||||
|
United Arab Emirates |
3.1 |
(2.0) |
2.5 |
(0.4) |
7.4 |
(2.0) |
2.6 |
(0.4) |
2.5 |
(2.2) |
1.8 |
(0.5) |
|||||
|
Uruguay |
0.0 |
(2.9) |
- 0.2 |
(0.4) |
- 5.2 |
(3.2) |
0.6 |
(0.4) |
2.9 |
(3.3) |
- 1.0 |
(0.5) |
|||||
|
Viet Nam** |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
|||||
|
← * PISA 2018 data did not meet the PISA technical standards but were accepted as largely comparable (see Annexes A2 and A4). |
|||||||||||||||||
|
← ** The data for Viet Nam have not yet been fully validated. Due to a lack of consistency in the response pattern of some performance data, the OECD cannot yet assure full international comparability of the results (see Annexes A2 and A4). |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3). |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Costa Rica, Georgia, Malta and Moldova conducted the PISA 2009 assessment in 2010 as part of PISA 2009+. |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Table I.B1.8. Percentage of low achievers and top performers in mathematics, 2003 through 2018
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Proficiency level in PISA 2003 |
Proficiency level in PISA 2006 |
Proficiency level in PISA 2009 |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Below Level 2 (less than 420.07 score points) |
Level 5 or above (at or above 606.99 score points) |
Below Level 2 (less than 420.07 score points) |
Level 5 or above (at or above 606.99 score points) |
Below Level 2 (less than 420.07 score points) |
Level 5 or above (at or above 606.99 score points) |
||||||||||||||||
|
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
% |
S.E. |
||||||||||
|
OECD |
Australia |
14.3 |
(0.7) |
19.8 |
(0.8) |
13.0 |
(0.6) |
16.4 |
(0.8) |
15.9 |
(0.7) |
16.4 |
(0.9) |
||||||||
|
Austria |
18.8 |
(1.2) |
14.3 |
(1.0) |
20.0 |
(1.4) |
15.8 |
(1.0) |
m |
m |
m |
m |
|||||||||
|
Belgium |
16.5 |
(0.8) |
26.4 |
(0.8) |
17.3 |
(1.0) |
22.3 |
(0.8) |
19.1 |
(0.8) |
20.4 |
(0.7) |
|||||||||
|
Canada |
10.1 |
(0.5) |
20.3 |
(0.7) |
10.8 |
(0.6) |
17.9 |
(0.7) |
11.5 |
(0.5) |
18.3 |
(0.6) |
|||||||||
|
Chile |
m |
m |
m |
m |
55.1 |
(2.2) |
1.5 |
(0.4) |
51.0 |
(1.7) |
1.3 |
(0.3) |
|||||||||
|
Colombia |
m |
m |
m |
m |
71.9 |
(1.6) |
0.4 |
(0.2) |
70.4 |
(1.6) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|||||||||
|
Czech Republic |
16.6 |
(1.3) |
18.3 |
(1.2) |
19.2 |
(1.2) |
18.3 |
(1.2) |
22.3 |
(1.1) |
11.6 |
(0.9) |
|||||||||
|
Denmark |
15.4 |
(0.8) |
15.9 |
(0.9) |
13.6 |
(1.0) |
13.7 |
(0.8) |
17.1 |
(0.9) |
11.6 |
(0.8) |
|||||||||
|
Estonia |
m |
m |
m |
m |
12.1 |
(1.0) |
12.5 |
(0.8) |
12.6 |
(0.9) |
12.1 |
(0.8) |
|||||||||
|
Finland |
6.8 |
(0.5) |
23.4 |
(0.8) |
6.0 |
(0.6) |
24.4 |
(1.0) |
7.8 |
(0.5) |
21.7 |
(0.9) |
|||||||||
|
France |
16.6 |
(1.1) |
15.1 |
(0.9) |
22.3 |
(1.3) |
12.5 |
(0.9) |
22.5 |
(1.3) |
13.7 |
(1.0) |
|||||||||
|
Germany |
21.6 |
(1.2) |
16.2 |
(0.9) |
19.9 |
(1.4) |
15.4 |
(1.0) |
18.6 |
(1.1) |
17.8 |
(0.9) |
|||||||||
|
Greece |
38.9 |
(1.9) |
4.0 |
(0.6) |
32.3 |
(1.4) |
5.0 |
(0.5) |
30.3 |
(1.8) |
5.7 |
(0.6) |
|||||||||
|
Hungary |
23.0 |
(1.0) |
10.7 |
(0.9) |
21.2 |
(1.1) |
10.3 |
(0.9) |
22.3 |
(1.5) |
10.1 |
(1.1) |
|||||||||
|
Iceland |
15.0 |
(0.7) |
15.5 |
(0.7) |
16.8 |
(0.8) |
12.7 |
(0.7) |
17.0 |
(0.6) |
13.6 |
(0.6) |
|||||||||
|
Ireland |
16.8 |
(1.0) |
11.4 |
(0.8) |
16.4 |
(1.2) |
10.2 |
(0.8) |
20.8 |
(1.0) |
6.7 |
(0.6) |
|||||||||
|
Israel |
m |
m |
m |
m |
42.0 |
(1.7) |
6.1 |
(0.6) |
39.5 |
(1.3) |
5.9 |
(0.7) |
|||||||||
|
Italy |
31.9 |
(1.5) |
7.0 |
(0.5) |
32.8 |
(0.9) |
6.2 |
(0.5) |
24.9 |
(0.6) |
9.0 |
(0.5) |
|||||||||
|
Japan |
13.3 |
(1.2) |
24.3 |
(1.5) |
13.0 |
(1.1) |
18.3 |
(1.0) |
12.5 |
(1.0) |
20.9 |
(1.2) |
|||||||||
|
Korea |
9.5 |
(0.8) |
24.8 |
(1.4) |
8.9 |
(1.0) |
27.1 |
(1.5) |
8.1 |
(1.0) |
25.6 |
(1.6) |
|||||||||
|
Latvia |
23.7 |
(1.4) |
8.0 |
(0.8) |
20.7 |
(1.2) |
6.6 |
(0.6) |
22.6 |
(1.4) |
5.7 |
(0.6) |
|||||||||
|
Lithuania |
m |
m |
m |
m |
23.0 |
(1.1) |
9.1 |
(0.9) |
26.3 |
(1.2) |
7.0 |
(0.7) |
|||||||||
|
Luxembourg |
21.7 |
(0.6) |
10.8 |
(0.6) |
22.8 |
(0.6) |
10.6 |
(0.5) |
23.9 |
(0.6) |
11.4 |
(0.6) |
|||||||||
|
Mexico |
65.9 |
(1.7) |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
56.5 |
(1.3) |
0.8 |
(0.2) |
50.8 |
(1.0) |
0.7 |
(0.1) |
|||||||||
|
Netherlands* |
10.9 |
(1.1) |
25.5 |
(1.3) |
11.5 |
(1.0) |
21.1 |
(1.1) |
13.4 |
(1.4) |
19.9 |
(1.5) |
|||||||||
|
New Zealand |
15.1 |
(0.8) |
20.7 |
(0.7) |
14.0 |
(0.8) |
18.9 |
(0.9) |
15.4 |
(0.9) |
18.9 |
(0.9) |
|||||||||
|
Norway |
20.8 |
(1.0) |
11.4 |
(0.6) |
22.2 |
(1.2) |
10.4 |
(0.7) |
18.2 |
(0.9) |
10.2 |
(0.7) |
|||||||||
|
Poland |
22.0 |
(1.1) |
10.1 |
(0.6) |
19.8 |
(0.9) |
10.6 |
(0.8) |
20.5 |
(1.1) |
10.4 |
(0.9) |
|||||||||
|
Portugal* |
30.1 |
(1.7) |
5.4 |
(0.5) |
30.7 |
(1.5) |
5.7 |
(0.5) |
23.7 |
(1.1) |
9.6 |
(0.8) |
|||||||||