Abbreviations and acronyms

AfCFTA

African Continental Free Trade Area

AfDB

African Development Bank

Afreximbank

Africa Import-Export Bank

AI

artificial intelligence

ASEAN

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

AU

African Union

CAPMAS

Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics

CBE

Central Bank of Egypt

COMESA

Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa

ECA

United Nation Economic Commission for Africa

E&E

electronics and electrical

FDI

foreign direct investment

FEI

Federation of Egyptian Industries

FTA

free trade agreement

FZ

free zone

FVA

foreign value added

GAFI

General Authority for Investment and Free Zones

GDP

gross domestic product

GFCF

gross fixed capital formation

GVCs

global value chains

ICT

information and communication technology

IDA

Industrial Development Authority

IMC

Industrial Modernization Centre

IoT

Internet of Things

ITIDA

Information Technology Industry Development Agency

MCIT

Ministry of Communications and Information Technology

MENA

Middle East and North Africa

MHESR

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

MPED

Ministry of Planning and Economic Development

MSMEDA

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Development Agency

MTI

Ministry of Trade and Industry

MVA

manufacturing value added

NSW

National Single Window

NTB

non-tariff barrier

NTRA

National Telecom Regulatory Authority

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

PTPR

Production Transformation Policy Review

QIZs

Qualified Industrial Zones

R&D

research and development

RECs

Regional Economic Communities

SADC

Southern African Development Community

SEZs

Special Economic Zones

SMEs

small and medium-sized enterprises

TFP

total factor productivity

TIEC

Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center

TICO

Technology Innovation Commercialization Office

TVE

technical and vocational education

UNCTAD

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNIDO

United Nations Industrial Development Organization

USD

United States dollars

VC

venture capital

WTO

World Trade Organization

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