Cross-border governance of science, technology and innovation (STI) involves the partial or total delegation of policy making from the national to the international level. It implies, among other things, international co-ordination of national policy initiatives, removal of obstacles to the movement of resources, setting of international standards and regulations, and transfer of authority to intergovernmental organisations and supranational authorities. It is part of a wider dual delegation process that gives a greater say in STI matters to the international, but also to the sub-national, level of governance. There are good economic arguments for extending the scope of STI governance beyond national borders (OECD, 2012):