OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2010
In the search for a rapid, sustainable and lasting recovery from the economic crisis, science, technology and innovation are expected to play a driving role. But what are the implications for science and innovation policy? What steps are countries taking to boost their capabilities in these areas? What place are emerging economies likely to occupy in the science, technology and innovation landscape?
The OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2010 reviews key trends in science, technology and innovation in OECD countries and a number of major emerging economies including Brazil, China, India, Russia and South Africa. Using the latest available data and indicators, it examines topics high on the agenda of economic policy makers, including performance in science and innovation, trends in national science, technology and innovation policies and the design and assessment of innovation policy, including policy interactions and the “policy mix”. It provides individual profiles of the science and innovation performance of each country and relates these to their national context and current policy challenges.
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Spain
Spain’s science and innovation profile demonstrates a number of strengths, and shows improvements over the two years to 2008 despite difficult economic circumstances. Gross expenditure on R&D (GERD) increased consistently from 0.9% of GDP in 2000 to 1.4% in 2008, with strong average annual real growth of 8.4%. In 2007 the business sector financed 46% of total GERD, slightly more than a decade earlier, and government funding increased from 39% in 2000 to 44%. Spain’s business expenditure on R&D (BERD) was 0.74% of GDP, also below the OECD average. However, venture capital intensity has risen substantially, and in 2008 was above the average at 0.13% of GDP.
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