OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2010
In the search for a rapid, sustainable and lasting recovery from the economic crisis, science, technology and innovation are expected to play a driving role. But what are the implications for science and innovation policy? What steps are countries taking to boost their capabilities in these areas? What place are emerging economies likely to occupy in the science, technology and innovation landscape?
The OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2010 reviews key trends in science, technology and innovation in OECD countries and a number of major emerging economies including Brazil, China, India, Russia and South Africa. Using the latest available data and indicators, it examines topics high on the agenda of economic policy makers, including performance in science and innovation, trends in national science, technology and innovation policies and the design and assessment of innovation policy, including policy interactions and the “policy mix”. It provides individual profiles of the science and innovation performance of each country and relates these to their national context and current policy challenges.
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Italy
In 2008, Italy’s gross expenditure on R&D (GERD) increased to 1.2% of GDP from 1.1% in 2006, but remained below the OECD average. Real GERD grew by almost 6% in both 2006 and 2007, but fell by 0.8% in 2008. GERD per capita was USD 369 in current PPP, below the OECD average. In 2007 industry financed 42% of GERD, well below the OECD average of 64%. In 2008, business expenditure on R&D (BERD) stood at 0.6% and venture capital intensity at 0.04% of GDP, both at the lower end of the spectrum.
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