OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2008
The OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2008 reviews key trends in science, technology and innovation in OECD countries and a number of major non-member economies including Brazil, Chile, China, Israel, Russia and South Africa. Using the latest available data and indicators, the book examines topics high on the agenda of science and innovation policy makers, including science and innovation performance; trends in national science, technology and innovation policies; and practices to assess the socio-economic impacts of public research. This volume also provides an individual profile of the science and innovation performance of each country in relation to its national context and current policy challenges.
Also available in: French
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Russian Federation
The Russian research and innovation system suffered a sharp decline in funding during the 1990s and only in recent years has it begun to recover. R&D intensity fell from over 2% of GDP in 1990 to 0.74% in just two years, and after reaching 1.28% in 2003, it declined to 1.08% in 2006. The government finances the bulk of R&D; less than a third comes from industry. Business R&D intensity is a low 0.72% of GDP, less than half the peak of 1.57% in 1998. Foreign funding increased from 1994 to 2006, from 2% to 9.4% of gross domestic expenditure on R&D.
Also available in: French
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Click to download PDF - 367.75KBPDF
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