OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: France 2014

This report compares the performance of the French innnovation systems with that of other countries and presents the conclusions of interviews with 30 key actors in the French research and innovation system. During the past ten years, this system has undergone profound changes, and the report highlights the governments plan to dynamise and reform the system.
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Initial training of human resources for research and innovation
This chapter examines the matching of human resources and their training in France to the research and innovation system. It reviews the OECD indicators in this area, more specifically those provided by the PIAAC and PISA surveys, using them to compare France with the other countries. It presents the initial training system, as well as primary and secondary education, but above all higher education (the universities and “grandes écoles”), which have been the focus of significant reforms over the past decade. It analyses doctoral and vocational courses in particular, as well as action in this area under the “Investments for the Future” Programme. In each case, it raises the issue of the capacity of the educational system to instil creativity in the generations it is training. Lastly, the chapter examines the positioning of the French higher education system with regard to internationalisation.
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