This chapter draws on case studies and real-world examples to illustrate knowledge management in practice. We relate current knowledge management (KM) practice to the wider context of existing knowledge processes in organisations. We note that the processes of knowledge creation, sharing and application have been central to organisational activity for centuries, and that there are differences in perceptions of knowledge management between different cultural traditions. Key issues addressed include the social nature of knowledge processes, start-up strategies for KM initiatives, the role of technology, knowledge capture and sharing, intellectual capital measurement, and cross-boundary processes. Some lessons are drawn from organisations’ experiences to date. ...