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- Volume 40, Issue 97, 2013
Notas de Población - Volume 40, Issue 97, 2013
Volume 40, Issue 97, 2013
Language:
Spanish
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Fecundidad fuera de la unión en el Paraguay
Authors: Emily Vala-Haynes, Claudia Valeggia and Hans-Peter KohlerBetween 1998 and 2008, the total fertility rate (TFR) in Paraguay fell from 4.3 births per woman to 2.5, a significant proportion of which were out-of-union births. Data from the 2008 National Demographic and Sexual and Reproductive Health Survey (ENDSSR 2008) were used to estimate the TFR using the Bongaarts model, and the predictive capacity of the model was evaluated using Stover’s revised model, which takes account of out-of union sexual activity. Lastly, a logistic regression analysis was used to explore significant predictors of births prior to first unions in Paraguay. The results show that age, region of residence, religion and purchasing power are factors affecting the likelihood of out-of union births. More detailed analysis is needed to determine exactly which assumptions and equations in the Bongaarts model are unsuited to Paraguay, and to ascertain the mechanisms underlying individual behaviour.
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La maternidad adolescente en el contexto de la migración internacional: el caso de Costa Rica
Author: Heidi UllmannAdolescent maternity and international migration are two crucial issues in Central America, yet few studies have considered the interplay between them. With a view to doing so, this study examines differences in adolescent maternity among Nicaraguan immigrants and Costa Rican adolescents using data from the most recent Costa Rican census. The study has three primary objectives. Firstly, to estimate the prevalence of adolescent maternity among women aged 15 to 19 years residing in Costa Rica. The second is to ascertain whether this is the result of a selection process by comparing non-migrant adolescents in Nicaragua and Nicaraguan immigrants in Costa Rica, with special attention to factors associated with fertility, such as education, age and marital status. The third objective is to compare Nicaraguan immigrants, according to their length of residence in Costa Rica, with Costa Rican adolescents and to determine, using a multivariate logistic regression model, whether immigrants are more likely to become adolescent mothers. The results suggest that the prevalence of adolescent maternity in Costa Rica has declined over the last decade. There appears to be a selection process among Nicaraguan immigrants since they are, on average, older than their counterparts residing in Nicaragua when they have children and are more likely to be married or in a union when they do so. There is also a higher prevalence of adolescent maternity among Nicaraguan immigrants to Costa Rica than among their compatriots who remain in Nicaragua. Although the prevalence of adolescent maternity in Costa Rica is generally low, it is markedly higher among Nicaraguan immigrants than their Costa Rican peers. However, differences are found among immigrants depending on how long they have lived in Costa Rica. The results from the multivariate logistic regression analysis show that adolescent maternity is less prevalent among recent immigrants than among Costa Rican adolescents, but more prevalent among less recent immigrants than among their Costa Rican counterparts. Thus, while a process of selection may exist whereby Nicaraguan adolescents emigrating to Costa Rica are more likely to be mothers than those who stay in Nicaragua, it is also likely that the challenges and situations of vulnerability encountered in Costa Rica put them at an increased risk of pregnancy and limit their ability to prevent pregnancy or mitigate its effects once it occurs. This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on adolescent maternity and international migration by providing a more updated and nuanced picture of adolescent maternity among immigrants in the context of South-South migration.
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Estimación de la mortalidad materna sobre la base de la información censal: experiencias y perspectivas
Author: Magda RuizThe need for data on maternal mortality is increasingly acute. The Millennium Development Goals and the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) set objectives, based on the situation in 1990, to be achieved by around 2015. Data used to estimate maternal mortality come from vital statistics, but the coverage and quality of such data in several countries in Latin America and the Caribbean leave much to be desired. Alternative data sources must therefore be sought, which inevitably means turning to population censuses. This paper presents alternative estimates of maternal mortality calculated using census information, discusses recent experiences in Latin America and other regions and makes recommendations on how to include this topic in future censuses. It shows there are drawbacks to using censuses to make this kind of estimates, particularly at subnational level or with regard to subgroups in the population. Including the measurement of maternal mortality in censuses is a subject requiring in-depth study; and where such data is gathered, appropriate methodologies must be employed to evaluate and assimilate all of the components for each case.
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Mortalidad en la niñez enla Argentina: disparidades regionales y sociales frente a la cuarta meta del Milenio
Authors: Juan Carlos Cid and Jorge A. PazThis paper analyses childhood mortality in Argentina. It posits that the gaps between regions and social groups hinder the achievement of the objective agreed in the Millennium Declaration. Administrative data and micro data from two sources are used to illustrate the magnitude of these gaps: the national population and housing census for north-west Argentina, a region with one of the highest rates of mortality in the country, and the living conditions survey (ECV). Mortality indicators are established and the determinants of childhood mortality are explored using answers given by women aged 15-49 years to questions on the number of children they have had and the number of surviving children.
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Políticas públicas y migración interna en la República Bolivariana de Venezuela contemporánea
Author: Ana Julia AllenTransformations in the production apparatus, changes in the global economy and certain political and social factors have given rise to various patterns of territorial mobility. This paper analyses trends in internal migration in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela from 1971 to 2001. On the basis of information from national population and housing censuses, multiregional origin-destination matrices were established identifying the direction of migration flows and traditional and emerging push and pull factors of migration. Using the human development index, migratory flows between regions of high, medium and low levels of human development were determined, therefore demonstrating the uneven distribution of production activities in the country. Lastly, the results were analysed in the context of historical and structural processes, showing the link between policy decisions, each region’s economic emergence and the dynamics of internal migration.
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Una metodología para la estimación de la emigración internacional a partir del registro administrativo de control de fronteras de Migración Colombia
This paper presents a methodology to estimate international migration flows from Colombia using data from the administrative border control register maintained by the government agency responsible for monitoring migration (Migración Colombia). The study, with a scope of 41,766,428 international trips, looked at sociodemographic and administrative data on passengers travelling in or out of Colombia from 2004 to 2010. The National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) used that data to reconstruct the travel itineraries of 9,584,315 people and then to determine their migration status using various calculation algorithms tailored to the United Nations definition of migration. The subjects discussed in this paper include the database and the different various aspects of the methodology used, the reconstruction of migration flows and their characteristics and the relationship between international travel and migration. An assessment is also made of the reliability of the method of estimation using the migration flows recorded in other countries.
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Pueblos indígenas y afrodescendientes en los censos de población y vivienda de América Latina: avances y desafíos en el derecho a la información
Authors: Fabiana Del Popolo and Susana SchkolnikSince the 2000s, joint action taken by the various stakeholders involved has boosted the visibility of Latin America’s indigenous and Afro-descendent peoples in terms of statistics, giving rise to specific recommendations for the 2010 census round.
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Estudio comparativo de la vitalidad lingüística de 14 pueblos de Colombia realizado mediante una encuesta (autodiagnóstico sociolingüístico)
Author: Yolanda C. BodnarThe policy to safeguard the languages of Colombia’s ethnic peoples, implemented by the Ministry of Culture, included a self-assessment to take stock of the state of those languages in Colombia. In accordance with this policy, in 2008 the Ministry of Culture and Colombia’s Externado University (via its research on ethnic populations) agreed to administer this self-analysis using a survey as part of a “sociolinguistic self-assessment” project, which was so named because it was completed by the people who actually spoke the languages being studied.
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