Utilisation and Reliability of High Power Proton Accelerators
Workshop Proceedings, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, 16-19 May 2004
Accelerator-driven systems (ADS) are being considered for their potential use in the transmutation of radioactive waste. The performance of such hybrid nuclear systems depends to a large extent on the specification and reliability of high power accelerators, as well as the integration of the accelerator with spallation targets and sub-critical systems. At present, much R&D work is still required in order to demonstrate the desired capability of the system as a whole.
Accelerator scientists and reactor physicists from around the world gathered at an NEA workshop to discuss issues of common interest and to present the most recent achievements in their research. Discussions focused on accelerator reliability; target, window and coolant technology; sub-critical system design and ADS simulations; safety and control of ADS; and ADS experiments and test facilities. These proceedings contain the technical papers presented at the workshop as well as summaries of the working group discussions held. They will be of particular interest to scientists working on ADS development as well as on radioactive waste management issues in general.
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Primary Isotopic Yields for MSDM Calculations of Spallation Reactions on 208Pb with Proton Energy of 1 GeV
Nuclear Energy Agency
Spallation reactions have recently attracted considerable attention due to their importance in technical applications and fundamental physics. For example, they can act as intense neutron sources for accelerator-driven radiologically clean nuclear systems (ADS) [1,2] for energy generation and nuclear waste transmutation. In this system, lead constitutes an ideal spallation target since its neutron yield is high and it is very transparent to neutrons of energies below 1 MeV. Isotopic production data from proton-induced reactions with energies up to 5 GeV are of great importance for understanding the reaction mechanisms of intermediate nuclear reactions. Recently, precise and numerous measurements of elements produced from proton-induced spallation reactions with energy ranges from 10 MeV to 5 GeV using several target materials were carried out [3-5] due to the interest in a spallation neutron source and ADS. More than 15 000 experimental data points have been obtained. R. Michel [3-5], et al., systematically investigated the data in order to provide a database for model calculations while Yu. E. Titarenko [6] measured the yields of residual product for proton energies from 100 to 2 600 MeV to compare theoretical codes. The target elements were chosen according to their relevance in cosmo chemistry and cosmo physics applications in which the production of cosmogenic nuclides in extraterrestrial matter, the target elements with atomic numbers < 29 and a few high-Z, such as Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Te, Ba, Nb, etc. are needed. Heavy elements such as Ta, W, Hg, Pb, Bi, Tu and U are under discussion as spallation target materials for spallation neutron source and ADS applications.
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