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  • 15 Dec 2011
  • OECD, Nuclear Energy Agency
  • Pages: 184

Interest in expanding nuclear power to cope with rising demand for energy and potential climate change places increased attention on the nuclear fuel cycle and whether significant moves are being taken towards ensuring sustainability over the long term. Future nuclear power programme decisions will be increasingly based on strategic considerations involving the complete nuclear fuel cycle, as illustrated by the international joint projects for Generation IV reactors. Currently, 90% of installed reactors worldwide operate on a once-through nuclear fuel cycle using uranium-oxide fuel. While closing the fuel cycle has been a general aim for several decades, progress towards that goal has been slow. This report reviews developments in the fuel cycle over the past ten years, potential developments over the next decade and the outlook for the longer term. It analyses technological developments and government actions (both nationally and internationally) related to the fuel cycle, and examines these within a set of sustainability parameters in order to identify trends and to make recommendations for further action.

  • 30 Sept 2011
  • OECD
  • Pages: 136

 

Nuclear Energy Data, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency’s annual compilation of statistics and country reports on nuclear energy, contains official information provided by OECD member country governments on plans for new nuclear plant construction, nuclear fuel cycle developments as well as current and projected nuclear generating capacity to 2035. For the first time, it includes data for Chile, Estonia, Israel and Slovenia, which recently became OECD members. Key elements of this edition show a 2% increase in nuclear and total electricity production and a 0.5% increase in nuclear generating capacity. They also show excess conversion and enrichment capacities in OECD Europe, and insufficient capacity to meet requirements in the North American and Pacific regions. Further details are provided in the publication’s numerous tables, graphs and reports.


This publication contains “Statlinks”. For each StatLink the reader will find a url which leads to the corresponding spreadsheet. These links work in the same way as an Internet link.

This study assesses the competitiveness of nuclear power against coal- and gas-fired power generation in liberalised electricity markets with either CO2 trading or carbon taxes. It uses daily price data for electricity, gas, coal and carbon from 2005 to 2010, which encompasses the first years of the European Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), the world’s foremost carbon trading framework. The study shows that even with modest carbon pricing, competition for new investment in electricity markets will take place between nuclear energy and gas-fired power generation, with coal-fired power struggling to be profitable. The outcome of the competition between nuclear and gas-fired generation hinges, in addition to carbon pricing, on the capital costs for new nuclear power plant construction, gas prices and the profit margins applied. Strong competition in electricity markets reinforces the attractiveness of nuclear energy, as does carbon pricing, in particular when the latter ranges between USD 40 and USD 70 per tonne of CO2. The data and analyses contained in this study provide a robust framework for assessing cost and investment issues in liberalised electricity markets with carbon pricing.

The accelerator-driven system (ADS) is a potential transmutation system option as part of partitioning and transmutation strategies for radioactive waste in advanced nuclear fuel cycles. These proceedings contain all the technical papers presented at the workshop on Technology and Components of Accelerator-driven Systems held on 15-17 March 2010 in Karlsruhe, Germany. The workshop provided experts with a forum to present and discuss state-of-the-art developments in the field of ADS and neutron sources. It included a special session on the EUROTRANS as well as four technical sessions covering current ADS experiments and test facilities, accelerators, neutron sources and subcritical systems.

  • 23 Jun 2011
  • OECD, Nuclear Energy Agency
  • Pages: 169

The reliable supply of molybdenum-99 (99Mo) and its decay product, technetium-99m (99mTc), is a vital component of modern medical diagnostic practices. Disruptions in the supply chain of these radioisotopes can delay or prevent important medical testing services. Unfortunately, supply reliability has declined over the past decade, due to unexpected or extended shutdowns at the few ageing, 99Mo-producing, research reactors and processing facilities. These shutdowns have recently created global supply shortages.

This report provides the findings and analysis of two years of extensive examination of the 99Mo/99mTc supply chain by the OECD/NEA High-level Group on the Security of Supply of Medical Radioisotopes (HLG-MR). It puts forth a comprehensive policy approach that would help ensure long-term supply security of 99Mo/99mTc, detailing the essential steps to be taken by governments, industry and the health community to address the vulnerabilities of the supply chain, including its economic structure.

  • 15 Jun 2011
  • OECD, Nuclear Energy Agency
  • Pages: 178

Quelle peut être la contribution du nucléaire à l’amélioration de la sécurité d’approvisionnement énergétique ? Cette étude, qui porte sur une sélection de pays membres de l’OCDE, confirme par une analyse qualitative et quantitative l’hypothèse souvent intuitive selon laquelle le nucléaire, en tant que source d’électricité en grande partie nationale à coûts stables et sans émissions de gaz à effet de serre lors de la production, aurait un effet positif à cet égard. Après une analyse du sens et du contexte de la sécurité d’approvisionnement, l’étude démontre, à l’aide d’indicateurs transparents et pertinents en termes de politique énergétique, que le nucléaire a largement contribué, en parallèle avec les économies d’énergie, à améliorer la sécurité d’approvisionnement énergétique dans les pays de l’OCDE au cours des 40 dernières années.

English
  • 12 Apr 2011
  • OECD
  • Pages: 218

Chaque année on produit de grandes quantités de déchets dangereux, mais seule une faible proportion est constituée de déchets radioactifs. Si, globalement, on a trouvé des solutions satisfaisantes pour la gestion des déchets dangereux, certaines catégories posent des problèmes analogues au stockage des déchets radioactifs et exigent aussi un stockage de longue durée. Avec cette étude, l'AEN entend mettre en perspective la gestion des déchets radioactifs, d'abord par une comparaison des caractéristiques entre déchets radioactifs et dangereux et les politiques et stratégies de gestion qui leur sont appliquées, puis à travers l'analyse du cas particulier des déchets provenant du captage et du stockage du carbone issu de combustibles fossiles. Il s'agit ainsi de fournir aux décideurs une vue d'ensemble des similitudes et différences entre les déchets radioactifs et dangereux et leurs stratégies de gestion.

English
  • 18 Feb 2011
  • OECD, International Atomic Energy Agency
  • Pages: 487

Avec la construction de centrales nucléaires dans plusieurs pays et des projets de construction additionnels pour répondre à la demande croissante d’électricité, les ressources en uranium, sa production et la demande y afférentes suscitent toujours un intérêt notable. Au vu de l’augmentation projetée de la demande d’uranium et de la diminution des stocks, l’industrie de l’uranium, premier maillon critique dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement en combustible pour les réacteurs nucléaires, accroît sa production, et des projets de capacités supplémentaires sont prévus dans un futur proche. Cependant, des conditions de marché fortes seront nécessaires pour déclencher les investissements requis pour satisfaire la demande projetée.

Le « Livre rouge », préparé conjointement par l’Agence de l’OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire et l’Agence internationale de l’énergie atomique, est un ouvrage de référence de notoriété mondiale. Il se fonde sur des données officielles communiquées par 40 pays, dont les principaux producteurs et consommateurs d’uranium. Cette 23e édition présente les résultats d’un examen approfondi de l’offre et de la demande mondiale d’uranium au 1er janvier 2009, ainsi que des données sur l’exploration mondiale de l’uranium, les ressources, la production et les besoins des réacteurs. Elle est enrichie de nombreuses informations nouvelles en provenance de tous les grands centres de production au niveau mondial, ainsi que des pays développant de tels centres pour la première fois. Des projections de la capacité de production nucléaire et les besoins en uranium des centrales jusqu’en 2035 sont également présentées ainsi qu'une analyse des questions relatives à l'offre et à la demande d'uranium à long terme.

English

Particle accelerators have evolved over the last decades from simple devices to powerful machines, and are having an increasingly important impact on research, technology and daily life. Today they cover a wide range of applications including material science and medical applications. In recent years, requirements from new technological and research applications have emerged while the number of accelerator facilities in operation, being commissioned, designed or planned has significantly grown. Their parameters (such as the beam energy, beam currents and intensities, and target composition) vary widely, giving rise to new radiation shielding aspects and problems. 

Particle accelerators must be operated in safe ways to protect operators, the public and the environment. As the design and use of these facilities evolve, so must the analytical methods used in the safety analyses. These workshop proceedings review the state of the art in radiation shielding of accelerator facilities and irradiation targets. They also evaluate progress on the development of modelling methods used to assess the effectiveness of such shielding as part of safety analyses.

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