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- Volume 2016, Issue 10, 2016
Freedom from Fear - Volume 2016, Issue 10, 2016
Volume 2016, Issue 10, 2016
This journal aims to contribute to the advancement of knowledge and awareness of the international community's priority issues in the field of justice, crime prevention and human rights. The Magazine pursues the promotion of innovative dialogue by spreading awareness, creating consensus and a sense of shared responsibility of the problems that affect the global community. As a forum for long-term change, the Magazine endeavors to promote democratic values, civil stability, and aid the international community in developing actions towards greater peace, justice and security for all members of social, civil and political society.
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Beyond Asimov’s laws of robotics: Sleepwalking toward the future?
Authors: Irakli Beridze and Odhran James McCarthyOn 16 May 2014, the first multilateral discussion of lethal autonomous systems was convened at the United Nations Office in Geneva on the margins of the Expert Meeting for the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The subject of discussion, in more colloquial terms, was the so-called ‘killer robot’ – that is, fully autonomous lethal weapons systems that can select and engage targets without human intervention. During this milestone meeting, discussions touched on the various technical, legal, operational and ethical implications of robotic weapons and, of course, a number of concerns were voiced about a future with weapons void of human control, judgment or compassion.
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Deep Web, going beneath the surface
Author: Carola FredianiThe “Deep Web” is not an easy subject to investigate. To begin with, the first rule of the Deep Web is: “You do not talk about the Deep Web”. And that holds true for the second rule. While the third rule of the Deep Web is: “You can talk about it, but just if this is related to drug lords, weapons, terrorism or other similar topics.”
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Virtual currencies: Safe for business and consumers or just for criminals?
Author: Erik R. BarnettThe potential societal benefits of virtual currencies include mobile banking systems in developing countries, decreased transaction costs to merchants, and elimination of fees associated with normal bank accounts - all practical benefits for most businesses and consumers.
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Uniting beyond borders
Author: Hana Abul HusnIn a mountainous sanctuary where it is easy to forget the neighboring war in Syria and the threats that have become commonplace in Lebanon, the stories of the children and women affected converge.
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Parallel cities: Buenos Aires’ villas miseria
Author: Carlo FrancardoBuenos Aires is a city with many faces, and its shantytowns, villas de emergencia (emergency villages) – euphemistically also called asentamientos (settlements) or villas miseria (villages of misery) – represent, for the rest of the society, the most scary and impenetrable face of them all. Collecting data, or even knowing the number of its inhabitants, is in this area very difficult. According to the census conducted in 2010, there are in Buenos Aires Capital, without considering its surrounding provinces, about 23 villas and a total of 170,000 residents. Over the last four years the number has increased to 225,000. This however seems to be an approximation, as in 2006 the inhabitants of the 796 villas in the capital and surrounding provinces were calculated to exceed one million.
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Finding justice within climate change actions
Author: Brian HardingIn December 2015, government negotiators from all countries in the world will come together in Paris, and are expected to sign what will be the long anticipated agreement to follow the Kyoto Protocol.1 This new framework will establish a binding agreement for avoiding dangerous climate change and makes the next year of preparation one of the most important for humanity.
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A matter of justice: Protecting land rights for inclusive growth in Africa
Author: Harold LiversageLand is fundamental to the lives of rural people. It is a source of food, shelter, income and social identity. Secure access to land reduces vulnerability to hunger and poverty. But for many rural households in developing countries, access is becoming more tenuous than ever. Protecting their land rights is a matter of basic social and economic justice.
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Photo reportage
Author: Antonello ZappaduThey are from the city of Buenaventura, on the Pacific Colombian side, and have escaped war and misery. They are the displaced people who, with their small kids, found shelter on Rio Causa in Colombia, on the right side of the bridge Juachito located in one of the most romantic neighbors called Brisas del Cauca. Here, young boys at risk of being marginalized, are easily pray of criminal groups, of unscrupulous drug traffickers members of well known criminal syndicates. Here people attend true schools of crime to become perfect killers. In this context, a new bloodless civic battle is being waged by the community. It is a battle to stand for children’s rights and against any kind of violence and slavery.
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Gangs in a global comparative perspective
Authors: Dennis Rodgers and Jennifer M. HazenFrequently depicted as an almost pathological form of brutality, gangs have become popular bugbears and scapegoats across the world. This is perhaps most obvious in contemporary Central America, where gangs - known as pandillas and maras - are widely perceived as the most important security threat within a post-Cold War panorama of criminality often characterized by levels of violence that surpass those of the revolutionary conflicts that affected the region during the 1970s and 1980s. The corresponding policy response has been highly repressive, to the extent that it is no exaggeration to talk of Central American governments having declared a veritable “war on gangs” in recent years. Gangs are a global phenomenon, however, found in most societies around the world. On the one hand, this is due to a process of convergent evolution, whereby similar social contexts around the world give rise to similar social phenomena. On the other hand, processes of globalization have also enabled the spread of practices and culture from places separated by vast distances.
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Transborder gang partnerships on the US-Mexico border
Author: Ami C. CarpenterPeace work in urban arenas faces two realities. First, gangs are a permanent feature of urban life (at least for now) in all major cities around the world. Second, while the majority of youth gangs are not involved in transnational organized crime, some gangs are becoming engaged in criminal enterprises normally associated with better organized and more sophisticated crime syndicates.
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The inconvenient truth about gang truces in the Americas
Authors: Robert Muggah, Ami C. Carpenter and Topher McDougalAfter a two decade long hiatus, gang truces are back in vogue in the Americas. Very generally, truces typically consist of negotiations and pacts intended to prevent and reduce collective and interpersonal violence. They are often brokered by an eclectic cast of characters - from government officials and aid workers to faith-based groups and active and ex-gang members. And while truces are generating considerable attention in the global media, the evidence base about what they really accomplish is surprisingly thin.
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From Naples: Voices against crime and the demand for justice
Author: Luigi de MagistrisThose who suffer from a disease are able to develop a stronger immune system against it. That is why I strongly believe that Naples is more equipped to tackle crime-related problems compared to other cities. In fact, the South of Italy has developed an extraordinary wealth of resources and solutions to fight organized crime. The anti-mafia experience, which is predominantly southern, is one of the most important movements in Italy’s civil history. This rich past does not describe the South as a crime novel, but as a land where, above all, the people are ready to sacrifice themselves for the advancement of social justice.
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Securing justice for survivors of conflict-related sexual violence: The stigma belongs with the perpetrator
Author: Zainab Hawa BanguraImagine that you live in a country that had experienced a brutal and devastating war, and during that war you, or someone you loved, were the victims of sexual violence in conflict. Imagine the pain and betrayal you would feel knowing that those who orchestrated wide scale and systematic rapes, sexual slavery, forced marriages and other forms of sexual violence were allowed to walk free as if nothing had happened and remain a part of the community where you live, and each day you were forced to face them in public. This is the reality for most victims of sexual violence in conflict. Years after the guns have fallen silent they still struggle to rebuild their lives whilst their tormentors enjoy impunity. In Bosnia, only a handful of perpetrators have been prosecuted 20 years after the war, despite the fact that an estimated 50,000 women, and an unknown number of men, were raped during the conflict there.
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