This chapter profiles the victims, volume, and economic consequences of counterfeit and pirated imports in Italy. It lists the top provenance economies for products seized by Italian customs, and compares the ongoing likelihood of each country to be a source of counterfeit goods sold in Italy. It then describes the product types most likely to be fakes, and – employing new, purpose-built methodology – quantifies the degree of counterfeiting for each. The discussion goes on to distinguish between primary and secondary markets, and explores the factor of “consumer detriment”. The chapter concludes with an elaboration of the deleterious effects of counterfeiting for the Italian economy, in terms of consumer welfare, lost sales, lost jobs, and lost government revenue.