The OECD is presently conducting a series of studies on Governance Frameworks to Counter Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT). There are numerous factors that facilitate illegal wildlife trade. Governance gaps, legislative frameworks and other institutional frameworks can create loopholes that are then exploited for nefarious purposes that lead to the decimation of ecological resources. Corruption is also often cited as a major enabling factor in wildlife trafficking. Defined by Transparency International as abuse of entrusted power for private gain, corruption can facilitate wildlife trafficking throughout the supply chain, assuming a range of different forms and involving a range of different actors at each stage. The OECD Recommendation for Public Integrity provides a comprehensive framework for framing a systemic approach to public integrity, developing a culture of public integrity and enabling accountability. The issue of corruption also pervades the wildlife crime area, with a number of policy issues, and possible knowledge gaps around the wildlife crime–corruption nexus.