Transport by road is the most important mode of transport in Mexico in terms of production, volume and employment. More than half of Mexico’s international trade by value is carried by road, most of it across the border with the United States. The most important regulatory instruments for road transport refer to a safety, weight and size dimensions, import of used vehicles and emissions. Road transport faces important challenges: the resources available for enforcement should be increased; the regulation in preparation to regulate hours of service should be completed and adopted as a matter of priority; emissions standards should be introduced in the regulation for imported second hand vehicles; and any change on the limits of weigh and dimension should be based on empirical evidence that should allow for a cost-benefit analysis of the proposed changes.