This chapter considers the processes for ensuring compliance and enforcement of regulations, including inspection systems and the use of tools such as risk-based approaches, and assessment of compliance. A sound risk management system for inspections has been established in Kazakhstan since 2009; however significant problems persist with its implementation. In addition, discrepancies in implementation and interpretation of laws represent a significant issue, especially at the local level. No formal requirement exists for reviewing enforcement prospects when preparing new regulations and data on compliance with regulations are not collected on an aggregate basis.