The government of Kazakhstan has embarked on an ambitious agenda aimed to strengthen the country’s competitiveness, modernise the public sector and enhance performance across the public sector. This requires building a smarter and interconnected state, strategic management of public organisations, delivering results for citizens and ensuring that the distribution of public resources is aligned with national policy goals. A strategic Centre of Government that both provides effective leadership and enables sound and citizen-oriented management of public organisations will be crtical for acheiving these objectives. To this end, this chapter aims to assess the capacity of the Kazakhstan’s Centre of Government, including its role, structure and capacities necessary to design and steer the government-wide implementation of the development objectives of the country. In particular, it reviews the relationship between the Centre of Government and line ministries, and highlights the necessary steps to increase ministerial autonomy and the strategic focus of the Centre of Government as a partner in performance.