Government at a Glance Southeast Asia 2019
Government at a Glance Southeast Asia 2019 is the first edition in the Government at a Glance series for the region. It provides the latest available data on public administrations in the 10 ASEAN member countries: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. This publication includes indicators on public finance and economics, public employment, budget practices and procedures, strategic human resources management, digital government, open government and citizen satisfaction with public services. Where possible, these data were compared against the OECD average and that of the neighbouring OECD member countries, such as Australia, Korea, Japan and New Zealand.
Each indicator in the publication is presented in a user-friendly format, consisting of graphs and/or charts illustrating variations across countries and over time, brief descriptive analyses highlighting the major findings conveyed by the data, and a methodological section on the definition of the indicator and any limitations in data comparability.
General government debt
Debt is incurred when governments spend more than they receive. Debt represents governments’ outstanding liabilities resulting from the need to finance deficits by borrowing. While debt is not negative per se, high levels could threaten the sustainability of public finances, sending negative signals to lenders and private investors. The size of public debt can be influenced by factors such as the exchange rate (e.g. depending on the currency in which the debt is issued) and interest rate fluctuations.
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