Organised crime and illicit trade can also benefit from complexities and vulnerabilities that are present in global supply chains, and inflict important economic and social costs on society as a whole. Corruption facilitates various forms of illicit trade and may, for instance, allow sub-standard goods to reach consumers by evading quality controls. It is thus critical that the ironing out of unnecessary complexities inherent to global supply chains not be done at the expense of implementing appropriate checks and balances to prevent criminal activities. Policies and controls targeted at preventing fraud and corruption will contribute to both reinforcing integrity in the global supply chain while preventing illicit and counterfeit trade.