Governments and administrations set procurement rules, and public officials execute the actual procurement processes. However, civil society can play important roles in the conduct of procurement and in procurement reform. In a rather classic role, civil society actors scrutinize procurement procedures. Procurement is carried out to provide services to citizens, and citizens pay for the goods, works and services procured; they therefore have an obvious role in contributing to needs assessment decisions and in scrutinizing the proceedings that administrations carry out on their behalf. Decentralization of a large share of procurement to local level in many countries in Asia-Pacific increases opportunities for civil society’s involvement in public procurement.