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Few other countries feature the combination of very low population densities and difficult topography that hinders communication, in addition to a variety of contrasting climates. But the “Nordic welfare model” strives, with a good degree of success, to offer equal living conditions to all citizens by providing proper access to quality public services across the country. This comes, however, at great cost. This publication asks whether such a model can be sustainable in the long run, when population ageing and the reduction of petroleum reserves will reduce the leeway that the rapidly growing economy offers. It examines whether competitiveness and innovation could be further developed, given the high share of resource-based and traditional activities and whether urban policy could be better integrated into regional policy so as to better harness the energy of regional growth engines in different areas of the country, including the northern most parts. Lastly, it looks at whether impending regional reform could facilitate the necessary adaptations by transferring more power to regional councils.
Cet ouvrage examine les expériences de huit pays (Australie, Canada, Corée, Danemark, États-Unis, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, Suède) qui ont intégré des informations sur la performance à leur processus budgétaire au cours des dix dernières années. Ces informations sont-elles réellement utilisées dans la prise de décision budgétaire ? De quelle façon le sont-elles ? Quels sont les liens entre ressources et résultats ? L’efficacité, l’efficience et la performance du secteur public s’en sont-elles trouvées améliorées ? Quels enseignements tirer des expériences des pays dans ce domaine ? Cet ouvrage présente des lignes directrices et des recommandations pour adapter les systèmes budgétaires à l’utilisation d’informations sur la performance.
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L’époque où l’on considérait que le développement était l’affaire des seuls gouvernements est bel et bien révolue. Mais impliquer d’autres acteurs de la société, tels que le secteur privé et les ONG, reste encore aujourd’hui un défi à relever. Ce livre part de l’observation des activités du secteur privé dans les pays en développement et dans les économies émergentes, et montre de quelle façon ces activités sont en relation avec les politiques gouvernementales. Comprendre ces activités et ces interactions public-privé est indispensable pour que le secteur privé puisse jouer pleinement son rôle dans le processus de développement d’un pays. À cette fin, plusieurs études de cas fournissent ici des exemples concrets d’Afrique, d’Asie, et d’ailleurs.
In the short span of just a few decades, Luxembourg has moved from a steel-based economy to one more broadly based on financial services. But being nestled between three other countries, each with their own infrastructure and development issues presents challenges. This review examines the economic trends and disparities within the region, including under-exploited assets. It makes recommendations regarding planning, the urban-rural balance, housing and land policy, transport, and R&D and education.
Surface transport plays a fundamental role in nearly all social and economic activity. Providing and maintaining the infrastructure consumes enormous resources. Thus, it is essential that this be carried out in the most efficient and effective way possible.
Many options are available to provide surface transport infrastructure – public ministries and agencies, public-private partnerships (PPPs), state-owned companies, private and non-profit entities, and outright privatisation. There are also various means of paying for it, including user charging, subsidies, public borrowing or private financing.
This report examines key principles that should be considered by governments in deciding how to provide and pay for surface transport infrastructure, with a view to best serving societies’ needs and employing public resources. It also considers the key issues that must be resolved in making more use of private financing and expertise.
Ce rapport passe en revue les principes clés que les gouvernements doivent prendre en considération dans leurs décisions relatives aux modalités de mise à disposition et de financement des infrastructures de transport terrestre, avec l'objectif de répondre aux besoins de la société et d'utiliser au mieux les ressources publiques. Il examine également les questions clés qui doivent être résolues pour faire davantage appel aux capacités de financement et au savoir-faire du secteur privé.
This Glossary explains the key elements required to classify corruption as a criminal act, according to three major international conventions: (1) the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions; (2) the Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption; and (3) the United Nation’s Convention against Corruption.
The Glossary examines and elaborates on the requirements of the conventions and explains how they can be effectively introduced into the national legislation. The Glossary is also a practical tool for monitoring country compliance with the international anti-corruption conventions, as well as raising awareness of these conventions.
Istanbul has established itself as the industrial, financial and logistics centre of the country, producing almost one-third of the national output and absorbing the bulk of foreign direct investment. And, on the international scale, Istanbul ranks among the fastest growing OECD metro-regions.
This review finds, however, that Istanbul faces challenges that could hamper its ambition to become a Eurasian hub for finance, logistics, culture and tourism, as well as its development in general. Its economy is changing from one driven by labour-intensive activities to one based on knowledge industries, while traditional and labour-intensive sectors (e.g. textiles and its supply chain) are shifting only gradually and slowly to other complementary industry segments. Constraints on human capital development and the informal sector have hindered productivity levels and increased income disparities. Over-migration is putting a burden on Istanbul’s transport, public infrastructure and housing, and earthquake risk management. The scale and variety of these challenges necessitates improving local public management and implementing a national strategy to reduce regional disparities and to limit migration flows towards the megalopolis.
International anti-corruption treaties, including the UN Convention against Corruption, require member states to establish two types of anti-corruption institutions – one to prevent corruption and the other to combat corruption through law enforcement. The treaties also establish standards for such anti-corruption institutions – they should be independent, specialised and have sufficient resources to meet their challenging tasks. This book analyses the main functions of prevention and combating corruption and discusses practical ways to ensure the independence, specialisation and resources of anti-corruption bodies.
The book further studies the different forms of specialisation which exist in different countries and describes 14 anti-corruption agencies from around the world, including preventive, law-enforcement and combined or multipurpose agencies. Analysis of key factors which can lead anti-corruption bodies to success or failure, together with a rich body of country specific information, practical facts and contact details will make this book a useful tool for those policy-makers who seek to strengthen anti-corruption institutions in their countries.
Le Glossaire présente et explique les normes introduites par les conventions et indique comment elles peuvent être efficacement transposées en droit interne. Il constitue aussi un instrument utile pour évaluer la conformité des pays aux conventions internationales anticorruption
Ireland's economic success story is one that many OECD countries would like to emulate. Of the many factors linked to this success, understanding the public sector’s role is key. Integration matters. The key public service reform challenge for Ireland going forward is for the different parts of the Irish Public Service to work cohesively together, with a more integrated approach at the national and local levels.
This book provides an overview of the Irish Public Service, its fiscal and demographic context, and looks at capacity and motivation issues, improving service delivery, and strengthening governance. It also provides four case studies and a series of recommendations.
This report is the first in a series of OECD country reviews that will look at public management reform and governance issues from a comprehensive perspective. These reviews will help countries to identify how reforms can better reinforce each other in support of overall government objectives. They also examine reform strategies that have worked in other countries and provide advice as to which reforms can be appropriately adapted to a given country.
Climate change poses a serious challenge to social and economic development. This report provides a critical assessment of adaptation costs and benefits in key climate sensitive sectors, as well as at national and global levels. It also moves the discussion beyond cost estimation to the potential and limits of economic and policy instruments - including insurance and risk sharing, environmental markets and pricing, and public private partnerships - that can be used to motivate adaptation actions.