Being an Independent Regulator
Regulators operate in a complex environment at the interface among public authorities, the private sector and end-users. As “referees” of the markets that provide water, energy, transport, communications, and financial services to citizens, they must balance competing wants and needs from different actors. This means that they must behave and act objectively, impartially, and consistently, without conflict of interest, bias or undue influence - in other words, independently. What distinguishes an independent regulator is not simply institutional design. Independence is also about finding the right balance between the appropriate and undue influence that can be exercised through the regulators’ daily interactions with ministries, regulated industries and end-users. This report identifies the critical points where undue influence can be exercised at different moments in the life of a regulator and discusses some of the avenues for developing a culture of independence, including through interactions with stakeholders, staffing and financing.
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Why does independence matter? The view from the literature
Independence is a means towards more effective outcomes rather than an end in itself. As a variety of pressures are put on regulators and independence of regulators becomes a question of increasing debate, it is particularly important to identify what is the value added of independence. Drawing on a review of the literature, this chapter describes the determinants of independence and the expected outcomes of independence.
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