The purpose of the unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) test with mammalian liver cells in vivo is to identify substances that induce DNA repair after excision and removal of a stretch of DNA containing a region of damage induced by chemical substances ...

The mouse heritable translocation test detects structural and numerical chromosome changes in mammalian germ cells as recovered in first generation progeny. The types of chromosome changes detected in this test system are reciprocal translocations ...

The mouse spot test detects presumed somatic mutations in fetal cells following transplacental absorption of the test substance. This is an in vivo test in mice in which developing embryos are exposed to a chemical (solid, liquid, vapour or ...

The Test Guideline for Unscheduled DNA Synthesis (UDS) in mammalian cells in vitro describes procedures utilizing primary cultures, human lymphocytes or established cell lines, to detect DNA repair synthesis after excision and removal of a stretch ...

This assay may be used to measure mitotic recombination (gene conversion or crossingover) in yeast, a eukaryotic micro-organism. Crossing-over is generally assayed by the production of recessive homozygous colonies or sectors produced in a ...

This assay may be used to measure gene mutation in yeast, a eukaryotic micro-organism. Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been developed which detect forward or reverse mutations. A variety of haploid and diploid strains of the yeast can be ...

The sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay is a short-term test for the detection of reciprocal exchanges of DNA between two sister chromatids of a duplicating chromosome. Detection of SCEs requires some means of differentially labeling sister ...

Mutations in the X-chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster are phenotypically expressed in males carrying the mutant gene. When the mutation is lethal in the hemizygous condition, its presence is inferred from the absence of one class of male ...

The bacterial reverse mutation test uses amino-acid requiring at least five strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli to detect point mutations by base substitutions or frameshifts. The principle of this bacterial reverse mutation test ...

This Test Guideline describes an in vitro screen for chemical effects on steroidogenesis, specifically the production of 17ß-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T). The human H295R adreno-carcinoma cell line, used for the assay, expresses genes that ...

The objective of a combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study is to identify carcinogenic and the majority of chronic effects, and to determine dose-response relationships following prolonged and repeated exposure. The rat is typically used for ...

The objective of these chronic toxicity studies is to characterize the profile of a substance in a mammalian species (primarily rodents) following prolonged and repeated exposure. The Test Guideline focuses on rodents and oral administration. Both ...

The objective of a long-term carcinogenicity study is to observe test animals for a major portion of their life span for the development of neoplastic lesions during or after exposure to various doses of a test substance by an appropriate route of ...

The Local Lymph Node Assay: BrdU-ELISA (LLNA:BrdU-ELISA) is a non-radioactive modification to the LLNA method for identifying potential skin sensitizing test substances and measuring the proliferation of lymphocytes they induce in the auricular ...

The Local Lymph Node Assay: DA (LLNA: DA) is a non-radioactive modification to the LLNA method for identifying potential skin sensitizing test substances and measuring the proliferation of lymphocytes they induce in the auricular lymph nodes. The ...

The Hershberger Bioassay is an in vivo short–term screening test. It evaluates the ability of a chemical to elicit biological activities consistent with androgen agonists, antagonists or 5 á-reductase inhibitors. The current bioassay is based on the ...

The Uterotrophic Bioassay is an in vivo short-term screening test. It is based on the increase in uterine weight or uterotrophic response. The Uterotrophic Bioassay relies for its sensitivity on an animal test system in which the ...

This Test Guideline (TG) provides an in vitro procedure (the ARE-Nrf2 luciferase test method) used for supporting the discrimination between skin sensitisers and non-sensitisers in accordance with the UN GHS.

This Test Guideline addresses the human health hazard endpoint skin sensitisation, following exposure to a test chemical. It provides an in chemico procedure (Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay – DPRA) used for supporting the discrimination between skin...

The method described by this Test Guideline provides information that allows hazard assessment for short-term exposure to a test article by inhalation, and allows the substance to be classified according to the Globally Harmonized System of ...