What are the different elements of a food supply chain and how can government policy related to competition, including competition law enforcement, play a role to limit market failures? This paper considers several aspects of food supply chains and...

The increasing need in certain jurisdictions to engage in a “more economic” or an “effects-based” approach to establish competition law violations have raised the question of whether the standard of proof and the related evidentiary standard are set...

Structural presumptions in antitrust law refer to the concept that certain market structures, including high market shares and concentration, may presumptively harm competition and consumers. Once established by competition authorities or courts, the...

Competition authorities rarely consider democracy in their day-to-day functioning, yet the notion that competition is important for the maintenance of a healthy democracy was a core part of the motivation for introducing antitrust laws in some...

This paper explores the role of competition and regulation in shaping the outcomes and consumer experiences of the care industry (early childhood care and long-term care). Both services are vital to economic and social well-being, particularly in...

In an increasingly globalised and digitised world economy, the number of mergers transactions that impact more than one country has also increased. For competition authorities responsible for reviewing merger transactions, this has created new...

This paper examines the recent evolution of competition in the financial services sector in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), focusing on the rise of Fintechs and the emergence of a pro-competitive regulatory framework. This evolution results...

Interim measures are enforcement tools available to competition authorities to prevent harm to competition that may occur before a final decision on the existence of an infringement. Most often these decisions are related to an ongoing business...

Competition authorities have developed various tools to detect cartels and substantiate the basis for opening investigations. Ex officio investigations, meaning investigations initiated by the authorities themselves, are derived from detection tools...

Data plays an increasingly important role for online platforms and the majority of digital business models. Along with data becoming central to competition and the conduct of actors in digital markets, there has been an increase in data privacy...

Recent global developments, and a number of serious crises, have led to large government interventions in many jurisdictions, driving a debate on whether there is a need to rethink the role of industrial policy in modern economies. This paper...

Competition authorities have already acquired significant knowledge about the concept of market power and dominance as well as practical experience when assessing anticompetitive practices. However, the introduction of potential new concepts, such as...

The regulation of occupations is widespread, extending beyond the liberal professions, such as lawyers and engineers, to a broader set of other economic activities. Competition authorities have long been active in improving competition in these...

This note was prepared as a background note for a discussion held on the topic during the 2023 OECD-IDB Latin American and Caribbean Competition Forum held in September 2023 in Ecuador.

This paper was prepared as a background note for discussions on “Out-of-market efficiencies in competition enforcement” taking place at the December 2023 session of the OECD Competition Committee.

This paper was prepared as a background note for discussions on “The Optimal Design, Organisation and Powers of Competition Authorities” taking place at the December 2023 session of the OECD Competition Committee’s Working Party No. 3 on Co-operation...

This paper was prepared as a background note for discussions on “Serial Acquisitions and Industry Roll-ups” taking place at the December 2023 session of the OECD Competition Committee.

This paper was prepared as a background note for discussions on “Ex-post Assessment of Merger Remedies” taking place at the 2023 Global Forum on Competition on 7-8 December 2023,

This paper reviews how competition authorities have incorporated innovation as part of their assessment in enforcement cases. It explores scenarios that have considered innovation from a static perspective, mostly analysing current and potential...

This paper was prepared as a background note for discussions on “Competition and Professional Sports” taking place at the December 2023 session of the OECD Competition Committee’s Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation.