Rapid urbanisation, population growth and rising incomes are generating a range of pressures on Mexico’s rich natural asset base, and compromising the environmental well-being of its citizens. In recent years the Mexican government has taken important steps to address these challenges. Environmental policies and institutions have been strengthened and investment in infrastructure has helped improve people’s health by providing better access to water services. Mexico has also shown impressive leadership in international environmental co-operation, particularly climate change. Nevertheless, much remains to be done.