Because Mexico is a mega-diverse country, its progress in protecting biodiversity and forest resources is of global significance. This chapter examines Mexico’s institutional and policy framework for the conservation and sustainable use of these resources. It analyses the instruments adopted, the progress achieved and the further efforts needed to reduce the main pressures on the natural resource base. It also examines how biodiversity and forestry objectives have been mainstreamed into other key policy areas, such as agriculture and tourism, and provides recommendations for a more co-ordinated, coherent and strategic policy framework.