This report is the first OECD Environmental Performance Review of Israel. It aims to provide support to the country’s environmental progress. Indeed, in parallel with its accession to the OECD, successfully completed in 2010, Israel has moved rapidly to strengthen its environmental policies in line with the standards expected of OECD members. Despite fast economic and population growth, Israel has managed to reduce emissions of major air pollutants, moderate the energy and carbon intensities of its economy, further reduce freshwater abstractions, and extend the number of protected natural areas. However, other pressures on the environment have intensified, including greenhouse gas emissions, waste generation and habitat degradation.