This chapter reviews the current status and trends of Colombia’s biodiversity, as well as pressures stemming from a range of sources. It examines Colombia’s biodiversity policy and institutional framework, and the priorities and actions outlined in the National Policy for the Integral Management of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. The chapter assesses progress in using various instruments, including payments for ecosystem services and biodiversity offsets. It also examines measures to integrate biodiversity conservation into other key policy areas, such as agriculture, forestry and mining.