This report examines Australia’s progress since the previous OECD Environmental Performance Review in 1998 and the extent to which the country has met its national objectives and international commitments regarding the management of the environment and natural resources. The report also reviews Australia’s progress in the context of the OECD Environmental Strategy,** and compared to the recommendations of the 1998 OECD review. Progress has stemmed from environmental and economic decisions and actions by federal, state/territory and local authorities, as well as by enterprises, households and non-governmental organisations. 45 recommendations are made that could contribute to further environmental progress in Australia.