OECD Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels: Country Notes
This new web format for Country Notes on Fossil Fuel Support provides interactive on-line access to the latest data from the OECD Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels by country – identifying and estimating the value of support arising from policies that encourage the production or consumption of fossil fuels. The web version allows users to download, share and play with the data. Interactive graphics enable data visualisation, in national currency, by beneficiary and by energy product. These Country Notes provide, for each of the 50 economies covered in the Inventory, a snapshot of energy market structure, the current state of energy prices and taxes, and recent developments and trends in fossil fuel support. Data and country notes for the EU Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries have been collected and prepared as part of the GREEN Action Task Force.
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China
The People’s Republic of China (hereafter “China”) is the largest producer of coal in the world, capturing 50% of the world’s total in 2020. While domestic coal meets most of China’s needs, imports in 2020 still amounted to 335 million tonnes, making the country the largest importer of coal. The bulk of imports come from Australia and Indonesia, the world’s top two coal net exporters. China also relies heavily on imported oil and natural gas, a fact that underlies the country’s recent efforts to develop unconventional hydrocarbons (e.g. shale gas and coal-bed methane). Fossil fuels continue to dominate the power sector with more than half (64%) of electricity being generated from coal, followed by hydro (15%) and solar and wind (11%), nuclear (5%), natural gas (3%) and biofuels and wastes (2%).