The sustainability of agro-food systems is at the centre of green growth considerations. There are three main concerns related to sustainability: food security, run-off of nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from commercial fertiliser use and intensive livestock farming, and pesticide residues that may leach into surface water and groundwater and enter the food chain. Farming also contributes to climate change and can lead to deterioration in soil, water and air quality and to loss of natural habitats and biodiversity. These environmental changes can, in turn, have implications for agricultural production and limit the sustainability of agriculture. But farming can also provide sinks for greenhouse gases (GHGs), help conserve biodiversity and landscapes, and help prevent floods and landslides.