Understanding the reasons why firms provide training rather than adopting alternative strategies, and more critically, the factors limiting training provision, is of paramount importance to design appropriate incentives to foster learning in enterprises. It is also crucial to study which groups of employees receive more training than others, and why this is the case, as there might be a role for public policy in reducing these differences. This chapter presents existing and new evidence on the main reasons and benefits of training provision by enterprises, on the obstacles to training provision, on the groups of employees that are trained more than others, and on the strategies other than training that firms adopt to address skill needs.