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The Missing Entrepreneurs 2021

Policies for Inclusive Entrepreneurship and Self-Employment

image of The Missing Entrepreneurs 2021

The Missing Entrepreneurs 2021 is the sixth edition in a series of biennial reports that examine how public policies at national, regional and local levels can support job creation, economic growth and social inclusion by overcoming obstacles to business start-ups and self-employment by people from disadvantaged or under-represented groups in entrepreneurship. It shows that there are substantial untapped opportunities for entrepreneurship in populations such as women, youth, the unemployed, and immigrants and highlights the need for more differentiated government entrepreneurship policies that respond to the specific barriers they face. The report includes an assessment of the impact of COVID-19 across these populations of entrepreneurs and the effectiveness of the policy response. It also contains thematic policy chapters on microfinance and leveraging the potential of immigrant entrepreneurs. These chapters present the range of current policy actions in EU and OECD countries and make recommendations for future policy directions. Finally, the report contains country profiles for each of the 27 EU Member States that identify for each county the major recent trends in entrepreneurship by women, youth, seniors and immigrants, the key policy issues and the recent policy actions.

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Women’s self-employment and entrepreneurship activities

While the gender gap has closed slightly over the past decade, it persists according to many metrics such as self-employment rates and business creation rates. There are also gender differences, on average, in the nature of self-employment and entrepreneurship activities. This includes sector of operation, likelihood of creating additional jobs and more. One explanation for these gaps are differences in motivations and aspirations between men and women, as well as differences in barriers faced. This chapter presents updated data and trends for European Union Member States and OECD countries.

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