This chapter finds that the relatively steady increase in real income across birth cohorts at the same ages is stalling for those born since the 1960s. It first shows that although population ageing is a common trend across the world the timing and pace of shifts in the age structure differ widely across countries. It then compares the income levels, the income inequality and the employment rates of different birth cohorts over their life course. The chapter also includes a focus on gender gaps, showing that gender-related labour market gaps have narrowed across cohorts, but that wide differences remain. The last section highlights that risks of higher inequality in old age have increased: old-age support systems will likely need to cope with higher inequalities down the road.