Skills demands are more polarised in Spain than in many other OECD countries, with a high share of Spanish jobs requiring either very low levels of education or very high levels of education. The share of all jobs requiring only a primary education is higher in Spain (25%) than in any other OECD country; however, the supply of low-educated workers exceeds demand. The collapse of the construction sector during the economic crisis pushed many low-educated workers into unemployment, and these workers now comprise the largest share of the long-term unemployed. The OECD Skills for Jobs Database points to surpluses in knowledge of manufacturing and production, and in manual skills. At the same time, shortage pressure is evident in basic skills and abilities related to numeracy and literacy, as well as higher-level cognitive skills and abilities, like reasoning, systems skills and complex problem solving.