Mexico, as the world’s 14th largest economy (2009), faces important challenges in education. Despite the significant progress of the past decades in terms of access to education, improvements in completion rates for lower education levels and development of learning assessments, considerable improvement is still needed. Mexico already invests a high percentage of the public budget in education (at nearly 22%, it is the highest among OECD countries). Results from the 2009 round of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) have shown that although improvement is possible in a relatively short period of time, important challenges remain. In addition to improving the quality of educational services, increasing attainment levels and reducing drop-out rates are also priorities. It is equally important, however, for Mexico to ensure that all students, including those from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds and indigenous families, have equal educational opportunities.