Education in Indonesia
Rising to the Challenge
Having made impressive progress in widening access to basic education, Indonesia must now consolidate these gains and develop an education system that will support better the needs of a rapidly emerging economy in its transition towards high-income status. This report provides guidance on how Indonesia can rise to this challenge. It highlights three main policy directions which, pursued together, would help Indonesia advance on the path towards stronger growth and more inclusive and sustainable development. The first priority is to raise the quality of education and ensure that all learners acquire the skills they need to succeed in life and work. The second goal is to widen participation, requiring a concerted effort to improve access for disadvantaged groups and expand provision beyond the basic level. The final challenge is to increase efficiency, with a more data-driven approach to resource allocation, better tailoring of provision to local needs, and stronger performance management.
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Basic education in Indonesia
A number of government policies have contributed to improving the access, availability and affordability of basic education in Indonesia, and the country is now close to achieving universal primary education. The school operational assistance (bantuan operasional sekolah or BOS) grant, introduced in 2005, enabled free education in primary and junior secondary schools and had a significant impact on increasing access to basic education. It helped all schools but particularly those in poor and more remote areas, many of which previously lacked an education budget. “One Roof” primary and junior secondary schools, which share a building, have also been important in increasing equitable access to basic education particularly in remote areas. A school rehabilitation programme has helped improve learning environments and strengthen school-based decision making.
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