Education systems face a demanding challenge in recruiting high-quality graduates as teachers, particularly in shortage areas. At the Summit, Brazil and China reported how they are wrestling with getting good teachers into their vast rural areas; Japan and several other countries reported on planning for large-scale imminent retirements; the United States expressed concerns about high attrition rates, with teachers simply leaving the profession; the Netherlands reported on how decisions on class-size reductions had increased the demand for teachers and Belgium noted that the teaching force does not reflect the increasing diversity of the population.