AI and the Future of Skills, Volume 2
Methods for Evaluating AI Capabilities
As artificial intelligence (AI) expands its scope of applications across society, understanding its impact becomes increasingly critical. The OECD's AI and the Future of Skills (AIFS) project is developing a comprehensive framework for regularly measuring AI capabilities and comparing them to human skills. The resulting AI indicators should help policymakers anticipate AI’s impacts on education and work.
This volume describes the second phase of the project: exploring three different approaches to assessing AI. First, the project explored the use of education tests for the assessment by asking computer experts to evaluate AI’s performance on OECD’s tests in reading, mathematics and science. Second, the project extended the rating of AI capabilities to tests used to certify workers for occupations. These tests present complex practical tasks and are potentially useful for understanding the application of AI in the workplace. Third, the project explored measures from direct AI evaluations. It commissioned experts to develop methods for selecting high-quality direct measures, categorising them according to AI capabilities and systematising them into single indicators. The report discusses the advantages and challenges in using these approaches and describes how they will be integrated into developing indicators of AI capabilities.
Occupational tests
This chapter describes performance tests on occupational tasks stemming from occupation certification and licensure examinations. It discusses use of such examination tasks for collecting expert judgement on artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics performance. The chapter describes 13 example tasks from six occupations selected for an explanatory assessment of AI and robotics. The tasks were chosen from final examinations in German vocational education and training, as well as certification and licensure exams used in the United States. The chapter describes the development and administration of such tests, their types and formats, as well as procedures to ensure their content validity. It concludes with discussing methodological steps towards a comprehensive and robust approach for studying the capabilities of AI and robotics and their impact on occupations.
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