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OECD Factbook 2015-2016

Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics

image of OECD Factbook 2015-2016

OECD Factbook 2015-2016 is a comprehensive and dynamic statistical publication from the OECD. Close to 100 indicators cover a wide range of areas: economy, education, energy, transportation, environment, development, health, industry, information and communications, population, employment and labour, trade and investment, taxation, public expenditure and R&D. This year, the OECD Factbook includes new indicators on a number of regional indicators including GDP by metropolitan area.

Data are provided for all OECD countries, including the OECD aggregate, euro area, European Union, and where data are available, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia, and South Africa.

For each indicator, there is a two-page spread. A text page includes a short introduction followed by a detailed definition of the indicator, comments on comparability of the data, an assessment of long-term trends related to the indicator, and a list of references for further information on the indicator. The second page contains a table and a graph providing – at a glance – the key message conveyed by the data. Each indicator includes StatLinks which allow readers to download the corresponding data.

OECD Factbook 2015-2016 is a key reference tool for users working on economic and policy issues.

English Also available in: German, Spanish

From Chapter: Expenditure on R&D

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D

Million US dollars, 2010 constant prices and PPPs

English

OECD Factbook 2015-2016 - ISBN 9789264251113 - © OECD 2016

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D
Million US dollars, 2010 constant prices and PPPs
‌‌
‌2001‌
‌2002‌
‌2003‌
‌2004‌
‌2005‌
‌2006‌
‌2007‌
‌2008‌
‌2009‌
‌2010‌
‌2011‌
‌2012‌
‌2013‌
Australia
..
 
12 206
 
..
 
13 773
 
..
 
17 031
 
..
 
20 174
 
..
 
20 546
 
20 653
 
..
 
..
 
Austria
6 093
 
6 424
 
6 825
 
6 981
 
7 818
 
8 039
 
8 545
 
9 223
 
8 969
 
9 586
 
9 662
 
10 485
 
10 754
 
Belgium
7 540
 
7 161
 
6 996
 
7 145
 
7 172
 
7 469
 
7 828
 
8 231
 
8 272
 
8 766
 
9 358
 
9 770
 
9 963
 
Canada
23 380
 
23 499
 
23 857
 
24 959
 
25 401
 
25 663
 
25 673
 
25 303
 
25 333
 
25 029
 
24 946
 
24 436
 
23 673
 
Chile
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
892
 
1 113
 
1 037
 
1 028
 
1 162
 
1 265
 
1 398
 
Czech Republic
2 362
 
2 399
 
2 589
 
2 709
 
2 942
 
3 313
 
3 699
 
3 615
 
3 593
 
3 796
 
4 507
 
5 129
 
5 474
 
Denmark
5 073
 
5 353
 
5 527
 
5 468
 
5 537
 
5 771
 
6 091
 
6 684
 
7 005
 
6 812
 
6 959
 
7 045
 
7 089
 
Estonia
150
 
163
 
188
 
222
 
263
 
351
 
363
 
405
 
382
 
444
 
712
 
687
 
562
 
Finland
5 693
 
5 897
 
6 097
 
6 361
 
6 567
 
6 849
 
7 222
 
7 712
 
7 476
 
7 653
 
7 666
 
7 101
 
6 781
 
France
44 884
 
46 165
 
45 371
 
46 088
 
45 888
 
46 997
 
47 513
 
48 490
 
50 530
 
50 730
 
52 155
 
53 196
 
53 493
 
Germany
71 846
 
72 750
 
73 457
 
73 239
 
73 809
 
77 602
 
79 820
 
85 650
 
84 767
 
87 822
 
93 726
 
96 756
 
96 069
 
Greece
1 572
 
..
 
1 691
 
1 715
 
1 894
 
1 942
 
2 064
 
2 359
 
2 134
 
1 927
 
1 967
 
1 890
 
2 119
 
Hungary
1 674
 
1 883
 
1 831
 
1 801
 
2 013
 
2 227
 
2 183
 
2 254
 
2 436
 
2 473
 
2 625
 
2 744
 
3 078
 
Iceland
280
 
281
 
275
 
..
 
311
 
351
 
338
 
338
 
338
 
..
 
314
 
..
 
263
 
Ireland
1 711
 
1 815
 
1 988
 
2 178
 
2 333
 
2 473
 
2 659
 
2 921
 
3 192
 
3 166
 
3 082
 
3 160
 
..
 
Israel
6 669
 
6 588
 
6 286
 
6 563
 
7 145
 
7 752
 
8 807
 
8 926
 
8 611
 
8 673
 
9 372
 
9 993
 
10 236
 
Italy
21 201
 
22 066
 
21 634
 
21 793
 
21 874
 
23 162
 
24 492
 
24 898
 
24 697
 
25 152
 
25 022
 
25 548
 
24 835
 
Japan
123 563
 
125 578
 
128 853
 
131 447
 
140 618
 
147 337
 
152 878
 
151 532
 
138 627
 
140 607
 
145 528
 
146 330
 
154 515
 
Korea
23 896
 
24 934
 
26 543
 
29 986
 
32 316
 
36 635
 
40 952
 
43 839
 
46 549
 
52 173
 
58 427
 
64 268
 
68 149
 
Luxembourg
..
 
..
 
578
 
596
 
606
 
678
 
702
 
707
 
698
 
641
 
618
 
506
 
515
 
Mexico
5 058
 
5 639
 
5 689
 
6 011
 
6 352
 
6 154
 
6 274
 
6 971
 
7 094
 
7 864
 
7 651
 
8 077
 
9 505
 
Netherlands
11 993
 
11 689
 
11 960
 
12 259
 
12 450
 
12 689
 
12 660
 
12 564
 
12 395
 
12 822
 
14 383
 
14 527
 
14 638
 
New Zealand
1 197
 
..
 
1 370
 
..
 
1 432
 
..
 
1 575
 
..
 
1 679
 
..
 
1 722
 
..
 
1 693
 
Norway
3 592
 
3 680
 
3 829
 
3 791
 
3 958
 
4 178
 
4 571
 
4 802
 
4 828
 
4 744
 
4 899
 
5 054
 
5 168
 
Poland
3 395
 
3 103
 
3 104
 
3 367
 
3 550
 
3 684
 
4 015
 
4 476
 
5 072
 
5 723
 
6 223
 
7 478
 
7 428
 
Portugal
2 061
 
1 960
 
1 877
 
1 997
 
2 090
 
2 676
 
3 231
 
4 161
 
4 413
 
4 363
 
4 071
 
3 695
 
3 617
 
Slovak Republic
531
 
500
 
526
 
494
 
519
 
542
 
566
 
616
 
597
 
816
 
903
 
1 114
 
1 157
 
Slovenia
656
 
668
 
595
 
682
 
732
 
840
 
834
 
984
 
1 013
 
1 163
 
1 378
 
1 426
 
1 417
 
Spain
11 201
 
12 428
 
13 654
 
14 311
 
15 663
 
17 454
 
19 075
 
20 578
 
20 359
 
20 336
 
19 756
 
18 608
 
17 960
 
Sweden
12 630
 
..
 
12 189
 
11 931
 
12 263
 
13 255
 
12 752
 
13 610
 
12 611
 
12 585
 
12 952
 
13 145
 
13 396
 
Switzerland
..
 
..
 
..
 
9 346
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
10 875
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
12 250
 
..
 
Turkey
4 053
 
4 208
 
4 069
 
4 774
 
5 901
 
6 192
 
8 070
 
8 154
 
9 086
 
9 853
 
10 921
 
11 964
 
12 774
 
United Kingdom
33 572
 
34 389
 
34 831
 
34 443
 
35 873
 
37 387
 
39 153
 
39 035
 
38 605
 
38 139
 
38 787
 
37 633
 
38 116
 
United States
338 685
 
333 151
 
342 931
 
347 142
 
361 066
 
377 207
 
395 494
 
415 342
 
411 369
 
410 093
 
420 072
 
419 722
 
433 380
 
EU 28
249 178
 
254 184
 
256 513
 
259 025
 
265 325
 
279 139
 
289 692
 
303 718
 
302 976
 
308 607
 
320 503
 
325 744
 
325 568
 
OECD
797 175
 
801 542
 
819 758
 
835 994
 
872 322
 
916 577
 
960 528
 
998 381
 
985 019
 
998 864
 
1 033 905
 
1 048 576
 
1 076 732
 
Brazil
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
China
46 018
 
56 499
 
65 854
 
78 656
 
94 305
 
111 357
 
127 816
 
147 563
 
186 611
 
213 010
 
243 035
 
282 481
 
317 848
 
India
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
Indonesia
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
Russian Federation
22 623
 
25 097
 
27 753
 
26 629
 
26 276
 
28 551
 
32 234
 
31 745
 
35 078
 
33 094
 
33 298
 
35 522
 
35 937
 
South Africa
3 126
 
..
 
3 545
 
3 964
 
4 429
 
4 867
 
5 040
 
5 232
 
4 847
 
4 405
 
4 529
 
4 614
 
..
 
..
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