1887

OECD Factbook 2013

Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics

image of OECD Factbook 2013

OECD Factbook 2013 is a comprehensive and dynamic statistical annual publication from the OECD. More than 100 indicators cover a wide range of areas: agriculture, economic production, education, energy, environment, foreign aid, health, industry, information and communications, international trade, labour force, population, taxation, public expenditure, and R&D. This year,  the OECD Factbook features a focus chapter on gender.

Data are provided for all OECD member countries including area totals, and in some cases for selected non-member economies (including Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia & South Africa). For each indicator, there is a two-page spread: a text page includes a short introduction followed by a detailed definition of the indicator, comments on comparability of the data, an assessment of long-term trends related to the indicator and a list of references for further information on the indicator; the opposite page contains a table and a graph providing – at a glance – the key message conveyed by the data. A dynamic link (StatLink) is provided for each table where readers can download the corresponding data.

The OECD Factbook is also available as a free app for your mobile device! Visit your app store.

English Also available in: German, French

Real effective exchange rates: Based on consumer price indices, 2005 = 100

English Also available in: French

Factbook 2012 - ISSN  - © OECD 2012

Real effective exchange rates
Based on consumer price indices, 2005 = 100
‌‌
‌1999‌
‌2000‌
‌2001‌
‌2002‌
‌2003‌
‌2004‌
‌2005‌
‌2006‌
‌2007‌
‌2008‌
‌2009‌
‌2010‌
‌2011‌
Australia
81.5
 
77.7
 
74.7
 
79.1
 
89.5
 
97.0
 
100.0
 
99.9
 
105.9
 
103.8
 
100.6
 
114.9
 
123.2
 
Austria
98.4
 
95.9
 
96.1
 
96.6
 
99.5
 
100.5
 
100.0
 
99.4
 
99.8
 
100.0
 
100.6
 
98.2
 
98.6
 
Belgium
94.8
 
91.1
 
92.0
 
93.5
 
98.0
 
99.8
 
100.0
 
99.7
 
100.5
 
103.4
 
103.4
 
100.4
 
101.3
 
Canada
83.1
 
83.6
 
81.1
 
80.4
 
89.4
 
94.2
 
100.0
 
105.6
 
109.6
 
107.3
 
101.9
 
111.8
 
114.3
 
Chile
105.5
 
104.1
 
95.7
 
94.7
 
88.6
 
94.7
 
100.0
 
104.0
 
102.1
 
103.7
 
100.0
 
106.4
 
107.7
 
Czech Republic
78.9
 
80.4
 
85.9
 
95.5
 
93.5
 
94.3
 
100.0
 
105.5
 
108.3
 
123.9
 
118.9
 
120.9
 
123.2
 
Denmark
95.6
 
92.1
 
93.5
 
95.4
 
100.3
 
101.0
 
100.0
 
99.7
 
100.2
 
101.8
 
104.9
 
101.2
 
100.4
 
Estonia
90.7
 
88.5
 
91.2
 
93.7
 
97.0
 
99.3
 
100.0
 
101.7
 
106.4
 
113.9
 
116.3
 
112.4
 
113.6
 
Finland
100.3
 
96.0
 
97.3
 
98.5
 
102.7
 
102.6
 
100.0
 
99.0
 
100.3
 
102.1
 
103.0
 
97.1
 
96.7
 
France
97.8
 
93.3
 
93.2
 
94.7
 
99.4
 
101.0
 
100.0
 
99.6
 
99.9
 
100.7
 
100.8
 
97.5
 
96.8
 
Germany
100.9
 
94.8
 
94.8
 
95.8
 
100.5
 
101.9
 
100.0
 
99.4
 
100.5
 
100.4
 
101.2
 
96.2
 
95.5
 
Greece
94.2
 
88.0
 
89.0
 
91.7
 
97.3
 
99.6
 
100.0
 
100.9
 
102.6
 
104.8
 
106.1
 
105.5
 
106.2
 
Hungary
74.2
 
75.1
 
81.3
 
89.7
 
91.9
 
98.0
 
100.0
 
95.4
 
106.3
 
109.0
 
102.4
 
104.1
 
103.8
 
Iceland
82.7
 
85.9
 
76.3
 
81.6
 
85.8
 
88.1
 
100.0
 
93.7
 
97.5
 
76.4
 
62.0
 
66.0
 
66.8
 
Ireland
83.7
 
80.6
 
83.7
 
88.4
 
97.6
 
100.0
 
100.0
 
101.8
 
106.9
 
112.7
 
108.8
 
101.4
 
101.3
 
Israel
120.9
 
128.6
 
127.6
 
115.6
 
109.4
 
102.5
 
100.0
 
99.7
 
100.6
 
112.5
 
109.5
 
114.9
 
116.3
 
Italy
94.3
 
90.6
 
91.9
 
94.0
 
99.4
 
101.0
 
100.0
 
100.0
 
100.5
 
101.4
 
102.4
 
98.4
 
98.3
 
Japan
115.7
 
122.5
 
109.6
 
103.0
 
104.4
 
106.0
 
100.0
 
90.5
 
82.9
 
89.4
 
100.0
 
100.7
 
102.2
 
Korea
80.2
 
86.4
 
81.7
 
86.2
 
87.5
 
89.0
 
100.0
 
107.8
 
107.1
 
86.8
 
76.0
 
82.4
 
82.4
 
Luxembourg
95.5
 
93.5
 
94.1
 
95.4
 
98.9
 
100.2
 
100.0
 
100.9
 
102.3
 
103.1
 
102.9
 
101.4
 
101.9
 
Mexico
96.7
 
105.1
 
112.1
 
112.5
 
100.4
 
96.4
 
100.0
 
100.0
 
99.1
 
97.4
 
85.4
 
92.4
 
92.5
 
Netherlands
91.9
 
86.9
 
89.5
 
93.1
 
99.7
 
101.3
 
100.0
 
99.0
 
99.8
 
100.2
 
101.2
 
96.4
 
95.8
 
New Zealand
78.9
 
71.6
 
70.7
 
77.5
 
88.3
 
94.6
 
100.0
 
93.2
 
99.7
 
93.1
 
86.7
 
93.7
 
97.0
 
Norway
92.1
 
91.0
 
94.5
 
102.0
 
100.5
 
96.0
 
100.0
 
99.9
 
99.7
 
99.7
 
98.1
 
102.7
 
102.9
 
Poland
85.4
 
94.0
 
106.2
 
101.5
 
90.2
 
89.4
 
100.0
 
102.2
 
105.7
 
115.4
 
97.6
 
103.7
 
102.0
 
Portugal
93.6
 
91.7
 
94.0
 
96.2
 
99.9
 
100.7
 
100.0
 
100.6
 
101.2
 
101.2
 
100.3
 
97.7
 
98.4
 
Slovak Republic
69.7
 
76.9
 
77.9
 
78.9
 
89.1
 
97.6
 
100.0
 
105.4
 
116.2
 
125.8
 
135.2
 
129.5
 
130.6
 
Slovenia
97.3
 
94.1
 
93.9
 
96.3
 
100.9
 
101.4
 
100.0
 
99.8
 
101.6
 
104.2
 
106.0
 
102.1
 
101.1
 
Spain
90.1
 
88.1
 
90.1
 
92.5
 
97.2
 
99.3
 
100.0
 
101.5
 
103.0
 
105.1
 
105.1
 
102.2
 
102.6
 
Sweden
105.7
 
104.2
 
95.6
 
98.2
 
104.0
 
104.2
 
100.0
 
99.6
 
100.5
 
98.2
 
88.8
 
95.0
 
100.5
 
Switzerland
99.1
 
96.2
 
98.5
 
102.3
 
102.7
 
101.8
 
100.0
 
97.4
 
93.2
 
97.1
 
101.1
 
105.8
 
115.9
 
Turkey
82.8
 
92.4
 
75.4
 
82.3
 
86.9
 
89.9
 
100.0
 
99.6
 
108.1
 
109.7
 
102.5
 
113.3
 
100.1
 
United Kingdom
103.8
 
104.4
 
101.8
 
102.3
 
97.9
 
101.6
 
100.0
 
100.6
 
102.1
 
89.0
 
80.4
 
81.3
 
81.8
 
United States
102.3
 
105.6
 
111.6
 
112.0
 
105.7
 
101.4
 
100.0
 
99.3
 
95.1
 
91.5
 
95.3
 
91.1
 
86.8
 
Brazil
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China
..
 
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India
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
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..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
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Indonesia
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
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Russian Federation
..
 
..
 
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South Africa
..
 
..
 
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