OECD Factbook 2013
Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics

OECD Factbook 2013 is a comprehensive and dynamic statistical annual publication from the OECD. More than 100 indicators cover a wide range of areas: agriculture, economic production, education, energy, environment, foreign aid, health, industry, information and communications, international trade, labour force, population, taxation, public expenditure, and R&D. This year, the OECD Factbook features a focus chapter on gender.
Data are provided for all OECD member countries including area totals, and in some cases for selected non-member economies (including Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia & South Africa). For each indicator, there is a two-page spread: a text page includes a short introduction followed by a detailed definition of the indicator, comments on comparability of the data, an assessment of long-term trends related to the indicator and a list of references for further information on the indicator; the opposite page contains a table and a graph providing – at a glance – the key message conveyed by the data. A dynamic link (StatLink) is provided for each table where readers can download the corresponding data.
The OECD Factbook is also available as a free app for your mobile device! Visit your app store.
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Factbook 2012 - ISSN - © OECD 2012
| General government debt | |||||||||||||
| As a percentage of GDP | |||||||||||||
| | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 |
| Australia | 39.8 | 35.6 | 34.2 | 33.3 | 30.7 | 29.0 | 28.5 | 27.1 | 26.0 | 27.2 | 36.3 | 40.9 | .. |
| Austria | 70.8 | 70.8 | 71.7 | 72.8 | 71.1 | 70.6 | 70.6 | 66.0 | 62.3 | 67.1 | 73.4 | 77.5 | .. |
| Belgium | 119.4 | 113.6 | 111.9 | 108.2 | 103.3 | 98.2 | 95.9 | 91.6 | 87.9 | 92.8 | 99.8 | 100.0 | 102.4 |
| Canada | 116.3 | 105.6 | 105.5 | 103.9 | 98.7 | 92.2 | 91.2 | 89.2 | 83.9 | 89.1 | 102.9 | 104.2 | 106.3 |
| Chile | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 17.4 | 14.1 | 12.2 | 12.4 | 13.4 | 15.6 | 18.1 |
| Czech Republic | 24.4 | 25.1 | 29.3 | 31.5 | 33.2 | 33.0 | 32.7 | 32.5 | 30.9 | 34.3 | 41.0 | 44.5 | .. |
| Denmark | .. | .. | .. | .. | 56.6 | 53.6 | 45.4 | 41.0 | 34.3 | 41.4 | 51.2 | 54.8 | 61.8 |
| Estonia | 10.9 | 9.4 | 8.9 | 10.2 | 10.8 | 8.5 | 8.2 | 8.0 | 7.2 | 8.2 | 12.4 | 12.5 | .. |
| Finland | 54.9 | 52.5 | 50.1 | 49.7 | 51.1 | 51.3 | 48.5 | 44.7 | 40.4 | 39.8 | 51.4 | 56.9 | .. |
| France | 69.0 | 67.9 | 67.2 | 70.7 | 75.2 | 77.1 | 78.9 | 73.9 | 73.0 | 79.2 | 91.0 | 94.9 | .. |
| Germany | 61.7 | 60.9 | 60.2 | 62.6 | 66.0 | 69.0 | 71.7 | 69.8 | 65.7 | 69.7 | 77.4 | 86.9 | .. |
| Greece | 102.4 | 115.9 | 118.1 | 116.6 | 110.4 | 112.8 | 112.7 | 115.9 | 113.9 | 117.5 | 133.6 | 123.0 | 99.5 |
| Hungary | 67.5 | 61.7 | 59.7 | 60.8 | 61.8 | 65.1 | 68.4 | 71.8 | 72.8 | 76.3 | 85.8 | 86.3 | .. |
| Iceland | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Ireland | 51.5 | 40.2 | 37.4 | 35.0 | 33.8 | 32.5 | 32.4 | 28.6 | 28.7 | 49.6 | 71.2 | 91.7 | .. |
| Israel | .. | .. | 96.8 | 101.5 | 106.8 | 104.8 | 102.1 | 90.2 | 87.7 | 86.6 | 89.5 | 86.5 | .. |
| Italy | 125.5 | 121.0 | 120.1 | 118.8 | 116.4 | 116.7 | 119.4 | 116.8 | 112.1 | 114.6 | 127.7 | 126.3 | .. |
| Japan | 131.1 | 141.5 | 151.4 | 161.8 | 172.3 | 178.8 | 180.2 | 180.0 | 180.0 | 184.2 | 207.3 | 210.2 | .. |
| Korea | .. | .. | .. | 19.2 | 19.7 | 23.3 | 25.5 | 28.6 | 28.7 | 29.9 | 33.3 | 34.2 | 36.0 |
| Luxembourg | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 11.5 | 11.3 | 18.3 | 17.9 | 24.5 | .. |
| Mexico | 33.6 | 31.1 | 31.2 | 33.2 | 32.7 | 31.0 | 31.2 | 28.9 | 28.2 | 30.1 | 37.7 | .. | .. |
| Netherlands | 71.6 | 63.9 | 59.4 | 60.3 | 61.4 | 61.9 | 60.7 | 54.5 | 51.5 | 64.8 | 67.9 | 71.7 | 75.9 |
| New Zealand | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Norway | 29.1 | 32.7 | 31.8 | 39.0 | 48.4 | 50.9 | 47.8 | 59.0 | 56.8 | 54.3 | 48.9 | 49.6 | 33.8 |
| Poland | 46.6 | 45.4 | 43.8 | 55.0 | 55.9 | 53.3 | 54.1 | 54.2 | 51.0 | 55.7 | 58.4 | 62.7 | .. |
| Portugal | 62.3 | 62.4 | 64.2 | 67.9 | 70.2 | 73.4 | 77.6 | 77.3 | 75.4 | 80.7 | 93.3 | 97.5 | 96.8 |
| Slovak Republic | 53.5 | 57.6 | 57.1 | 50.2 | 48.2 | 47.6 | 39.2 | 34.1 | 32.9 | 32.0 | 40.4 | 47.1 | .. |
| Slovenia | .. | .. | 33.6 | 34.7 | 34.1 | 34.9 | 34.0 | 33.8 | 30.7 | 30.4 | 44.3 | 48.4 | 56.3 |
| Spain | 69.4 | 66.6 | 62.0 | 60.4 | 55.4 | 53.4 | 50.7 | 46.2 | 42.3 | 47.7 | 62.7 | 66.8 | 75.1 |
| Sweden | 73.0 | 64.0 | 62.0 | 59.8 | 58.8 | 59.5 | 60.2 | 53.6 | 48.8 | 47.5 | 51.1 | 48.0 | .. |
| Switzerland | 47.7 | 48.9 | 48.5 | 54.9 | 54.5 | 55.1 | 53.0 | 47.1 | 43.9 | 40.2 | 38.7 | .. | .. |
| Turkey | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| United Kingdom | 54.6 | 54.5 | 49.3 | 48.8 | 48.6 | 50.7 | 53.4 | 53.0 | 53.5 | 63.9 | 79.5 | 88.8 | 104.9 |
| United States | 61.2 | 55.1 | 55.0 | 57.4 | 60.7 | 68.6 | 68.2 | 66.9 | 67.5 | 76.5 | 90.4 | 99.1 | 103.5 |
| EU 27 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| OECD | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Brazil | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| China | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| India | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Indonesia | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Russian Federation | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| South Africa | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
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