Country statistical profiles: Key tables from OECD
The key tables by country statistical profiles include a wide range of indicators on economy, education, energy, environment, foreign aid, health, information and communication, labour, migration, R&D, trade and society. Historical data refer to the latest eight time periods.
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Country statistical profile: Estonia 2021/1
Country statistical profiles: Key tables from OECD - ISSN 2075-2288 - © OECD 2021
| | Country statistical profile: Estonia 2021 | |||||||||
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| | | Unit | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 |
| | Production and income | |||||||||
| | GDP per capita | USD current PPPs | 26 141 | 27 596 | 29 108 | 29 436 | 31 574 | 34 010 | 37 555 | 40 040 |
| | Gross national income (GNI) per capita | USD current PPPs | 25 065 | 26 933 | 28 285 | 28 792 | 30 872 | 33 191 | 36 823 | 39 134 |
| | Household disposable income | Annual growth % | -0.5 | 4.8 | 4.0 | 5.8 | 1.4 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 6.5 |
| | Economic growth | |||||||||
| | Real GDP growth | Annual growth % | 3.1 | 1.3 | 3.0 | 1.8 | 3.2 | 5.5 | 4.4 | 5.0 |
| | Net saving rate in household disposable income | % | 0.7 | 2.5 | 4.1 | 5.7 | 2.7 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 9.6 |
| | Gross fixed capital formation | Annual growth % | 11.9 | 1.5 | -2.7 | -3.2 | 5.1 | 7.8 | 3.9 | 11.1 |
| | Economic structure: share of real value added | |||||||||
| | Agriculture, forestry, fishing | % | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.9 |
| | Industry including energy | % | 21.4 | 21.8 | 22.1 | 21.2 | 21.1 | 20.7 | 20.5 | 19.0 |
| | Construction | % | 7.3 | 7.0 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 6.4 |
| | Trade, repairs, transport, accomm., food services | % | 23.1 | 23.0 | 23.3 | 22.4 | 22.4 | 22.2 | 22.7 | 22.2 |
| | Information, communication | % | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 6.3 | 7.6 |
| | Finance and insurance | % | 4.4 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.5 |
| | Real estate | % | 9.6 | 9.8 | 9.6 | 10.3 | 10.5 | 10.4 | 9.9 | 9.7 |
| | Professional, scientific, support services | % | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 9.5 |
| | Public admin., defence, education, health, social work | % | 14.5 | 14.9 | 15.1 | 15.9 | 16.1 | 15.8 | 15.8 | 15.9 |
| | Other services (ISIC Rev.4 R - U) | % | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.5 |
| | Government deficits and debt | |||||||||
| | Government deficit | % of GDP | -0.3 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.1 | -0.4 | -0.7 | -0.5 | 0.1 |
| | General government debt | % of GDP | 13.0 | 13.5 | 13.7 | 12.6 | 13.6 | 13.1 | 12.9 | 13.4 |
| | General government revenues | % of GDP | 38.7 | 38.4 | 38.2 | 39.4 | 38.7 | 38.5 | 38.7 | 39.0 |
| | General government expenditures | % of GDP | 39.0 | 38.2 | 37.5 | 39.2 | 39.1 | 39.2 | 39.3 | .. |
| | Expenditure | |||||||||
| | Government/compulsory expenditure on health | % of GDP | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 5.0 |
| | Voluntary expenditure on health | % of GDP | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.7 |
| | Public social expenditure | % of GDP | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.9 | 17.2 | 17.5 | 17.2 | 17.5 | 17.7 |
| | Private social expenditure | % of GDP | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | .. | .. |
| | Public pension expenditure | % of GDP | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.5 | .. | .. |
| | Private pension expenditure | % of GDP | 0.0 | 0.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Official Development Assistance - grant equivalent | % of GNI | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.16 | 0.16 |
| | Official Development Assistance - flows basis | % of GNI | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.19 | 0.16 | .. | .. |
| | Taxes | |||||||||
| | Total tax revenue | % of GDP | 31.5 | 31.5 | 31.9 | 33.1 | 33.2 | 32.5 | 32.9 | 33.1 |
| | Tax on personal income | % of GDP | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.4 |
| | Tax on corporate profits | % of GDP | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 1.8 |
| | Taxes on goods and services | % of GDP | 13.5 | 13.1 | 13.5 | 14.0 | 14.4 | 14.0 | 13.8 | 14.0 |
| | Taxes on the average worker | % of labour cost | 40.4 | 39.9 | 40.0 | 39.0 | 39.0 | 39.0 | 36.2 | 37.2 |
| | Trade | |||||||||
| | Imports of goods and services | % of GDP | 83.9 | 81.4 | 77.9 | 73.0 | 72.8 | 71.7 | 71.5 | 68.9 |
| | Exports of goods and services | % of GDP | 85.6 | 84.0 | 81.3 | 76.9 | 76.4 | 75.6 | 74.1 | 72.9 |
| | Goods trade balance: exports minus imports of goods | Bln USD | -2.1 | -2.2 | -2.3 | -1.7 | -1.9 | -2.2 | -2.2 | -1.9 |
| | Imports of goods | Bln USD | 18.1 | 18.5 | 18.3 | 14.6 | 14.9 | 16.6 | 19.2 | 18.1 |
| | Exports of goods | Bln USD | 16.1 | 16.3 | 16.0 | 12.8 | 13.1 | 14.5 | 17.0 | 16.1 |
| | Service trade balance: exports minus imports of services | Bln USD | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.3 |
| | Imports of services | Bln USD | 4.0 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 5.8 |
| | Exports of services | Bln USD | 6.0 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 6.9 | 7.8 | 8.0 |
| | Current account balance of payments | % of GDP | -1.9 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 2.0 |
| | Foreign direct investment (FDI) | |||||||||
| | Outward FDI stocks | Mln USD | .. | .. | .. | 5 607 | 5 843 | 7 224 | 7 347 | 9 329 |
| | Inward FDI stocks | Mln USD | .. | 21 780 | .. | 18 447 | 19 119 | 23 297 | 24 358 | 27 212 |
| | Inflows of foreign direct investment | Mln USD | 1 566 | 771 | 684 | 36 | 1 058 | 1 938 | 1 497 | 3 091 |
| | Outflows of foreign direct investment | Mln USD | 1 054 | 516 | 42 | 182 | 486 | 879 | 58 | 1 987 |
| | Prices and interest rates | |||||||||
| | Inflation rate: all items | Annual growth % | 3.9 | 2.8 | -0.1 | -0.5 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 2.3 |
| | Inflation rate: all items non food non energy | Annual growth % | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.1 |
| | Inflation rate: food | Annual growth % | 3.8 | 4.1 | 0.0 | -0.5 | 0.0 | 5.7 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| | Inflation rate: energy | Annual growth % | 10.6 | 5.7 | -4.0 | -7.0 | -4.0 | 5.6 | 9.3 | 1.9 |
| | Producer Price Indices (PPI): manufacturing | Annual growth % | 2.9 | 2.7 | 0.3 | -2.7 | -0.8 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 1.1 |
| | Long-term interest rates | % | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Purchasing power and exchange rates | |||||||||
| | Purchasing power parities | EUR per USD | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.53 | 0.54 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.52 | 0.53 |
| | Exchange rates | EUR per USD | 0.78 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.89 | 0.85 | 0.89 |
| | Indices of price levels | OECD=100 | 66 | 71 | 72 | 68 | 68 | 70 | 72 | 71 |
| | Energy supply and prices | |||||||||
| | Total primary energy supply (TPES) | Mtoe | 5.5 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 5.2 |
| | TPES per unit of GDP at 2000 prices and PPPs | Toe per '000 USD | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.11 |
| | Renewable energy | Ktoe | 866.8 | 855.6 | 865.3 | 908.4 | 975.1 | 1 064.8 | 1 155.7 | 1 205.7 |
| | Crude oil import prices | USD per barrel | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Information and Communications Technology (ICT) | |||||||||
| | Households with access to computers | % | 74.3 | 79.0 | .. | 87.9 | .. | 86.9 | .. | .. |
| | Households with access to internet | % | 73.8 | 79.3 | 87.7 | 86.2 | 88.3 | 90.5 | 90.4 | |
| | Environment | |||||||||
| | Water abstactions | Mln m3 | 1 748 | 1 789 | .. | .. | ||||
| | National fish landings in domestic ports | '000 tonnes | 62 | 65 | 66 | 72 | 72 | 75 | 77 | .. |
| | National fish landings in foreign ports | '000 tonnes | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 15 | 17 | .. |
| | Aquaculture | '000 tonnes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | |
| | Municipal waste total | '000 tonnes | 371 | 386 | 473 | 494 | 514 | 535 | .. | |
| | Municipal waste total per capita | Kg | 280 | 293 | 359 | 376 | 389 | 405 | .. | |
| | CO2emissions from fuel combustion | Mln tonnes | 16 | 19 | 17 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 12 |
| | Education | |||||||||
| | Tertiary attainment in population aged 25-64 | % | 38 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 41 |
| | Expenditure per student: primary, 2010 prices | USD constant PPPs | 5 853 | 7 256 | 6 167 | 6 327 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Expenditure per student: secondary, 2010 prices | USD constant PPPs | 7 014 | 6 523 | 6 575 | 6 861 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Expenditure per student: tertiary, 2010 prices | USD constant PPPs | 8 490 | 11 798 | 11 965 | 12 867 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Youths 15-19 not in education nor employment | % | 6.8 | 4.6 | 7.0 | 5.5 | 4.2 | 5.8 | 9.0 | 3.4 |
| | Youths 20-24 not in education nor employment | % | 17.1 | 16.8 | 16.1 | 15.0 | 13.9 | 13.2 | 12.2 | 10.8 |
| | Employment | |||||||||
| | Employment rate in population aged 15-24 | % | 32.3 | 32.4 | 33.3 | 36.3 | 37.5 | 40.6 | 41.7 | 39.7 |
| | Employment rate in population aged 25-54 | % | 79.5 | 80.4 | 80.9 | 83.0 | 82.6 | 84.0 | 84.2 | 84.3 |
| | Employment rate in population aged 55-64 | % | 60.5 | 62.6 | 64.0 | 64.6 | 65.3 | 68.0 | 69.0 | 72.5 |
| | Incidence of part-time employment | % | 8.2 | 8.0 | 7.6 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 8.1 | 9.2 | 9.6 |
| | Self-employment rate: total employment | % | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Self-employment rate: male employment | % | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Self-employment rate: female employment | % | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Unemployment | |||||||||
| | Unemployment rate: total labour force | % | 10.0 | 8.6 | 7.4 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 4.4 |
| | Unemployment rate: male labour force | % | 10.9 | 9.0 | 7.9 | 6.3 | 7.4 | 6.2 | 5.4 | 4.1 |
| | Unemployment rate: female labour force | % | 9.1 | 8.1 | 6.9 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 4.7 |
| | Long-term unemployment: total unemployed | % | 54.7 | 44.5 | 45.3 | 38.3 | 31.6 | 33.5 | 24.9 | 20.0 |
| | Labour compensation and hours worked | |||||||||
| | Labour compensation per unit labour input, total economy | Annual growth % | 7.6 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 10.0 | 12.1 | 10.1 |
| | Average time worked per person in employment | Hours per year | 1 796 | 1 777 | 1 771 | 1 763 | 1 767 | 1 768 | 1 724 | 1 711 |
| | Research and Development (R&D) | |||||||||
| | Gross domestic expenditure on R&D | Mln USD | 767 | 632 | 539 | 563 | 495 | 537 | 617 | .. |
| | Researchers: full-time equivalent | Per '000 employed | 7.7 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 7.4 | 7.7 | .. |
| | Population | |||||||||
| | Total population | '000 persons | 1 323 | 1 318 | 1 315 | 1 315 | 1 316 | 1 317 | 1 322 | .. |
| | Population growth rates | % | -0.4 | -0.4 | -0.3 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | .. |
| | Total fertitity rates | Children | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | .. |
| | Youth population aged less than 15 | % of population | 15.6 | 15.7 | 15.9 | 16.0 | 16.2 | 16.3 | 16.4 | .. |
| | Elderly population aged 65 and over | % of population | 17.9 | 18.2 | 18.6 | 18.9 | 19.2 | 19.5 | 19.7 | .. |
| | International migration | |||||||||
| | Foreign-born population | % of population | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Foreign population | % of population | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Unemployment rate in population of native-born men | % of labour force | 10.6 | 9.0 | 7.9 | 6.3 | 7.3 | 6.3 | 5.1 | 4.0 |
| | Unemployment rate in population of foreign-born men | % of labour force | 14.9 | 11.2 | 8.8 | 7.0 | 9.9 | 6.7 | 7.9 | 5.6 |
| | Unemployment rate in population of native-born women | % of labour force | 9.0 | 8.1 | 6.7 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 4.8 |
| | Unemployment rate in population of foreign-born women | % of labour force | 11.2 | 10.8 | 9.7 | 8.6 | 8.3 | 6.1 | 7.9 | 6.7 |
| | Health | |||||||||
| | Life expectancy at birth | Years | 76.5 | 77.3 | 77.2 | 77.7 | 77.8 | 78.2 | 78.4 | .. |
| | Life expectancy at birth: men | Years | 71.4 | 72.8 | 72.4 | 73.2 | 73.3 | 73.8 | 74.0 | .. |
| | Life expectancy at birth: women | Years | 81.5 | 81.7 | 81.9 | 82.2 | 82.2 | 82.6 | 82.7 | .. |
| | Infant mortality | Per '000 | 3.6 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 1.6 | .. |
| | Overweight or obese, % of population aged 15 and over | Measured | .. | .. | 51.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Suicide Rates | Per 100 000 persons | 16.6 | 15.3 | 17.5 | 14.1 | 13.0 | 16.1 | 13.6 | .. |
| | Transport | |||||||||
| | Goods transport | Mln tonne-km | 10 922 | 10 709 | 9 548 | 9 373 | 9 056 | 8 514 | 8 377 | 6 950 |
| | Passenger transport | Mln passenger-km | 2 726 | 2 844 | 2 851 | 3 604 | 3 296 | 3 341 | 3 632 | |
| | Road Fatalities | Per mln inhabitants | 66 | 61 | 59 | 51 | 54 | 36 | 51 | 39 |
| Last updated: 26 January 2021; disclaimer: http://oe.cd/disclaimer | ||||||||||
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Estimated value | ||||||||||
| Source: OECD Data (data.oecd.org). | ||||||||||