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The second, third and fourth editions of the Frascati Manual, the OECD standard for measuring resources devoted to research and experimental development (R&D), published in 1970, 1976 and 1981, reflected on the accumulated experience of conducting national surveys and compiling international statistics comparing R&D efforts across countries. Successive editions improved, inter alia, the guidance’s alignment with other international statistical standards (2nd edition) and took into account how the data were being used. The scope of the manual was expanded to cover research in the social sciences and humanities (3rd edition). Greater stress was placed on “functional” classifications of R&D, such as socioeconomic objectives (3rd edition), and the specificities of higher education R&D (4th edition).

The second, third and fourth editions of the Frascati Manual, the OECD standard for measuring resources devoted to research and experimental development (R&D), published in 1970, 1976 and 1981, reflected on the accumulated experience of conducting national surveys and compiling international statistics comparing R&D efforts across countries. Successive editions improved, inter alia, the guidance’s alignment with other international statistical standards (2nd edition) and took into account how the data were being used. The scope of the manual was expanded to cover research in the social sciences and humanities (3rd edition). Greater stress was placed on “functional” classifications of R&D, such as socioeconomic objectives (3rd edition), and the specificities of higher education R&D (4th edition).

On the surface there is agreement, sustainable development refers to a broad set of issues, going beyond the relationship between the economy and the environment to encompass human and social concerns. Scratch the surface and you open a Pandora's box of differing notions of sustainability and means of achieving it. How can progress towards sustainable development be measured then? The major difficulty in developing indicators to track progress towards sustainable development is not the lack of data but rather the lack of frameworks to organise and synthesize existing information. This volume brings together a number of approaches to this question pursued in academia, national administrations and international organisations, as presented at an expert workshop held at the OECD headquarters in September 1999. These approaches include developments of the traditional national accounts system, construction of synthetic measures of sustainability such as "genuine savings", physical measures of material flows, and selections of indicators based on variants of the "pressure, state, response" model. This volume also reviews a number of initiatives undertaken within the OECD to monitor trends in the sustainability of specific sectors and sub-national areas.

The internationally recognized methodology for collecting and using R&D statistics, the Frascati Manual is an essential tool for statisticians worldwide. It includes definitions of basic concepts, data collection guidelines, and classifications for compiling statistics.  This updated edition contains improved guidelines adjusted for changes in OECD economies, including measurement of service-sector R&D, R&D globalisation, and R&D human resources.

Teikiame skaitytojams Ekonominio bendradarbiavimo ir plëtros organizacijos (EBPO) leidinio Frascati Manual 2002: Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development (já trumpai vadinsime Frascati vadovu) vertimà á lietuviø kalbà. Ðis leidinys, kaip ir kelios ankstesnës Frascati vadovo versijos, yra parengtas EBPO darbo grupës ir yra skirtas detaliai apibrëþti sàvokà „moksliniai tyrimai ir eksperimentinë plëtra“ (MTEP), nustatyti rodiklius, kuriais matuojamas MTEP veiklos intensyvumas, ir parodyti, kokias veiklas galima (ir reikia) ar negalima priskirti MTEP.

The internationally recognized methodology for collecting and using R&D statistics, the Frascati Manual is an essential tool for statisticians worldwide. It includes definitions of basic concepts, data collection guidelines, and classifications for compiling statistics. This updated edition contains improved guidelines adjusted for chnges in OECD economies, including measurement of service-sector R&D, R&D globalisation, and R&D human resources.

How did the sharpest global slowdown in more than six decades happen, and how can recovery be made sustainable? OECD Insights: From Crisis to Recovery traces the causes, course and consequences of the “Great Recession”. It explains how a global build up of liquidity, coupled with poor regulation, created a financial crisis that quickly began to make itself felt in the real economy, destroying businesses and raising unemployment to its highest levels in decades. The worst of the crisis now looks to be over, but a swift return to strong growth appears unlikely and employment will take several years to get back to pre-crisis levels. High levels of public and private debt mean cutbacks and saving are likely to become the main priority, meaning the impact of the recession will continue to be felt for years to come.

This lavishly illustrated book tells the story of the development of the OECD from the founding of its predecessor organisation, the OEEC after World War II, to the transformation into the OECD in 1960, and its evolution since that time. Covering the stewardship of 6 Secretaries-General over a period of 50 years, the book describes what OECD does and how it does it.  An interesting chapter on a Day in the Life of a Chateau, tracks a typical day for a variety of OECD staffers, illustrating the breadth and variety of what people do at the OECD.  

The balance of economic power is shifting. Countries that were once poor are becoming economic powerhouses. Yet poverty persists worldwide, depriving billions of people of basic necessities and the prospects of creating a better life. How are we responding to this challenge? This book explores the multi-faceted world of aid and development co-operation – a range of global, and sometimes contested, efforts aimed at reducing the impact of poverty. It traces the history of these efforts, explains where they come from and where they are going, and asks whether they are achieving as much as they could. It also examines some of the ways in which development efforts can be made more effective in achieving lasting benefits through good governance and the creation of a deeper partnership between developed and developing countries. And it looks at how the economic emergence of countries like China and India is bringing a new dynamic to development co-operation.

This report summarizes key recent key finds by the OECD relative to the French economy. Overall it finds that productivity is high but not dynamic enough to sustain growth. In particular, it looks at boosting research and encouraging innovation, strengthening competition and the regualtory framework, making the public sector more efficient, reforming taxation to promote employment and investment, improving the performance of the education system and vocational training and improving the functioning of the housing market.

Tras un período de crecimiento relativamente sólido, que permitió a decenas de millones de hogares pobres incorporarse a la clase media, el crecimiento en América Latina se ha desacelerado, en parte como resultado de factores externos. Para cerrar las brechas —aún amplias— respecto de los niveles de vida de las economías avanzadas, la región necesita elevar de forma significativa el crecimiento de la productividad y asegurarse que nadie quede excluido de sus beneficios. Esto exigirá reformas estructurales integrales, apoyadas en un marco de políticas que fomente la productividad e incorpore consideraciones de inclusión social desde el inicio.

Após um período de crescimento relativamente robusto, que permitiu que dezenas de milhões de famílias mais pobres se juntassem à classe média global, o crescimento da América Latina diminuiu recentemente, em parte como resultado de fatores externos. Para diminuir as grandes lacunas de padrões de vida em relação às economias avançadas, a região precisa aumentar significativamente o crescimento da produtividade, garantindo que os benefícios advindos alcancem a todos. Isso exigirá reformas estruturais abrangentes, apoiadas por um arcabouço de políticas públicas voltado à produtividade, que incorpore, desde o início, considerações sobre a inclusão social.

Fiscal Federalism 2016 surveys recent trends and policies in intergovernmental fiscal relations and sub-central government. Accessible and easy-to read chapters provide insight: into growing spending and tax devolution; the fiscal constitutions of federal countries; how immovable property taxation is regaining its former significance; on the true spending power of sub central governments; on the mix between own tax resources and intergovernmental grants; and on the role of fiscal rules and good budget frameworks for sustainable debt management at the state and local level.

In vielen Ländern und vor allem in den fortgeschrittenen Volkswirtschaften äußern die Menschen wachsenden Unmut über die Globalisierung. Sie haben den Eindruck, dass von ihren Vorteilen vor allem ein kleiner, ohnehin besser gestellter Teil der Bevölkerung profitiert. Außerdem sind viele Bürgerinnen und Bürger unzufrieden darüber, wie die wirtschaftliche Integration vorangetrieben wurde. Sie beklagen einen Mangel an Transparenz und zu viele Interessenkonflikte zwischen Politik und Wirtschaft. Einige der negativen Effekte, die die Unzufriedenheit wachsen lassen, hängen stärker mit dem technologischen Wandel zusammen als mit der Globalisierung an sich, allerdings sind diese beiden Elemente eng miteinander verknüpft. Außerdem zeigten die Maßnahmen, die ergriffen wurden, um die negativen Effekte der wirtschaftlichen Öffnung für bestimmte Gruppen, Branchen und Regionen abzumildern, nicht immer die gewünschte Wirkung, und die weltweite Rechtsetzungstätigkeit konnte nicht mit der Realität Schritt halten. Die wirtschaftliche Integration rückgängig zu machen, ist angesichts ihrer zahlreichen Vorteile keine Lösung. Vielmehr müssen wir Wege finden, um zu gewährleisten, dass alle von dieser Integration profitieren können. Dieser Bericht legt dar, was getan werden muss – auf globaler Ebene, auf europäischer Ebene und in Deutschland –, um die Globalisierung gerechter und inklusiver zu gestalten.