This chapter reviews the prospects and challenges facing Brazil’s agriculture, biofuel and fish sectors over the next decade. It reviews sector performance, outlines the current market context, provides detailed quantitative medium term projections for the ten-year period 2015-24, and assesses key risks and uncertainties. Brazil’s main challenges lie in sustaining productivity and production growth, while ensuring that such growth is reconciled with the country’s poverty and inequality reduction objectives and the need for environmental sustainability. The chapter describes the main domestic and trade policies seeking to address these multiple objectives and suggests some strategic priorities, in the areas of productivity-enhancing investments, as well as targeted measures to ensure broad based sustainable development. Brazil is projected to maintain its role as a leading supplier to international food and agriculture markets over the next decade while also meeting the needs of an expanding and increasingly wealthy population. The key risks to this optimistic outlook pertain to Brazil’s macroeconomic performance, the pace of structural reforms, and external factors including China’s import demand.