The OECD has been engaged in a programme to study Policy Coherence for Development (PCD) that addresses a broad range of areas. This has included institutional approaches, specific policy areas, regional experiences and country case studies. The programme aims to achieve greater integration of OECD-country efforts to encourage non-OECD country economic growth. It does so by helping to develop a better understanding of how various policies in OECD countries impact on the development prospects and competitiveness of developing countries. A new direction of the OECD work in this area is to use quantitative modelling to develop numerical results of some of the linkages between environment and development objectives and policies.