Spain recognises, and has tried to address, structural weaknesses in its institutional system. It has attempted to streamline management arrangements to ease co-ordination within MAEC. At a broader level, it has structures and tools to improve co-ordination between several governmental and non-governmental actors, both at headquarter level and in country offices. Indeed, there appears to have been a slight, though not yet significant, improvement in whole-of-government approaches. However, co-ordination efforts will need continued strengthening.