Corruption in the Extractive Value Chain
Typology of Risks, Mitigation Measures and Incentives
One case of transnational corruption out of five occurs in the extractive sector according to the 2014 OECD Foreign Bribery Report. In this area, corruption has become increasingly complex and sophisticated affecting each stage of the extractive value chain with potential huge revenue losses for the public coffers. This report is intended to help policy makers, law enforcement officials and stakeholders strengthen prevention efforts at both the public and private levels, through improved understanding and enhanced awareness of corruption risk and mechanisms. It will help better tailoring responses to evolving corruption patterns and effectively countering adaptive strategies. The report also offers options to put a cost on corruption to make it less attractive at both the public and private levels.
Overview
OECD Development Centre
For the purpose of this report, corruption is understood as the “abuse of public or private office for personal gain”.For a definition of the different terms, see OECD (2008), Corruption: A Glossary of International Standards in Criminal Law, OECD Publishing, Paris, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264027411-en. This notion covers a broad range of activities and behaviours such as trading in influence, political capture and interference, conflicts of interest, bribery of domestic public officials and bribery of foreign public officials, including facilitation payments, extortion, fraud, embezzlement, misappropriation or other diversion of property, abuse of function, illicit enrichment, bribery in the private sector, embezzlement of property in the private sector, concealment of property resulting from corruption, and obstruction of justice.See note 1.