Third-country nationals' integration in the European Union

This chapter considers the full set of “Zaragoza indicators” for third-country nationals (TCN) in the European Union, comparing their outcomes with those of host-country nationals and EU nationals. The chapter looks first at the size and composition of third-country national populations (). It then goes on to consider their countries of citizenship and length of residence (), before analysing outcomes in employment and activity (), unemployment (), self-employment (), over-qualification (), levels of education (), income (), poverty (), housing tenure status (), perceived health status (), long-term resident status (), participation in voting (), the acquisition of nationality (), and perceived discrimination ().