Comparing the characteristics and labour market outcomes of immigrants across countries

Immigrant employment levels are high in Italy compared with their native peers. This chapter examines factors which nuance the positive interpretation of this indicator. First, the labour market outcomes in Italy are seen in international comparisons, in particular for women. Second, immigrants’ young average age and their underrepresentation among students are examined, to see if they partly drive high immigrant employment levels vis-à-vis their native peers. Third, the chapter looks at regional concentration of immigrants in northern and central regions where labour market conditions are more favourable. Fourth, international comparison of immigrants’ education and skills in Italy is conducted. Finally, the chapter discusses whether immigrants suffered disproportionally from the economic crisis, and the implications for the future sustainability of mostly low-skilled jobs held by immigrants.